Omnye wemilambo ebaluleke kakhulu eUnited States yi UMlambo iMississippi. Kungenxa yokuba ngomnye wemilambo emide kuyo yonke iMntla Melika, egubungela phantse isiqingatha selizwe. Lo mlambo ube negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko noluntu kwezi ndawo. Kunye noMlambo iMissouri, bayenye yeendlela ezinkulu nezona zibalulekileyo emhlabeni.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, ukwakheka komhlaba, ukwakheka, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo iMississippi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Lo mlambo ukwimpuma yelizwekazi laseMelika. Owona mthombo wayo liLake Itasca, ebekwe eMinnesota. Kuhambo lwayo lonke lidlula kwiintaba ezaziwayo njenge Iintaba ezinamatye kunye Iintaba zeAppalachian. Ngalo lonke ukhenketho, ludlula kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo zendalo kunye nezeedolophu lude luphele kwiGulf of Mexico. Umlomo walo mlambo uyintili ebanzi.
Ubude bebonke boMlambo iMississippi bamalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3734. Lo mlinganiselo awuchanekanga ngokupheleleyo kuba itshaneli kunye nomlomo wamanzi uguqulwe amatyeli aliqela. Oonobangela abaphambili bolu tshintsho kwisitishi kukuba iidipozithi kunye needipozithi zelitye zininzi, zibangela ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi kuthintelwe rhoqo. Kwaye ukuba intlenga yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuhambisa izinto ezisuka emlanjeni. Ukuba izinto ezenziwa yintsimi zihlala zine-silt enkulu kunye nodongwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi emzimbeni womlambo kuyakuma izihlandlo ezininzi.
Umlambo waseMississippi uhlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini aphezulu: ngakwesinye icala, sine-Mississippi ephezulu kwaye, kwelinye icala, sinayo iMississippi esezantsi. Icandelo lokuqala lalo mlambo liqala ukusuka kumthombo walo kwiLake Itasca ukuya kwindawo yokuwela imizimba yamanzi noMlambo iMissouri. Lo mlambo yeyona nto iphambili eyonyusa kakhulu ukuhamba kwalo mzimba wamanzi. Inxalenye yesibini yoMlambo iMississippi sele iqala nje ukuba idibene noMlambo iOhio kude kube ngumlomo wayo wokugqibela.
Indlela kunye nokuhamba
Endleleni yayo inobubanzi obungafaniyo. Kwinxalenye yokuqala yecandelo elikufutshane nemvelaphi, kunye neLake Itasca, ububanzi obuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-9.1 yeekhilomitha zihlala zibhalwa. Xa idlula ngeLake Winnibigoshish siyabona ukuba ineendawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezili-11. Inamacandelo apho inobunzulu obukhulu kuba ithwala ukuhamba okukhulu. Kwiindawo ezikufutshane neNew Orleans zifikelela kubunzulu obufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-61.
Konke oku kuhamba kuhamba kuthetha ukuba bahlala kwiakhawunti emalunga nezigidi ezi-3 zeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Oku kumele phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-41% yelizwekazi laseMelika liphela. Zombini iindlela kunye nobude benza ukuba umlambo ugijime kwimimandla engama-31 nakumaphondo ama-2 eCanada. Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi entloko ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwe-2 km / h. Amanye amacandelo anezantya eziphezulu apho kufikelelwa kwisantya esifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezi-5 ngeyure. Zombini ngobukhulu kunye nokuhamba, uMlambo iMississippi uthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba uneBasin enobukhulu obukwindawo yesine emhlabeni.
Uqeqesho lweMvelaphi yaseMississippi
Kucingelwa ukuba imvelaphi yalo mlambo ngokuyinxenye ibulela iqhekeza lomkhenkce elenziwa xa ilizwekazi eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba yiLaurentia lalikhona. Uqeqesho lwakhe lubuyela umva kufutshane Imiyaka yomkence. Njengokuba umkhenkce unyibilika, izixa ezikhulu zazo zonke iziseko zazifakwe emhlabeni. Ezi ntlenga zaziguqula indawo ukuya kwinqanaba apho kwadalwa khona intili ethe tyaba. Ngokwesiqhelo yonke imilambo imile okwe-V intlambo ngelixa ii-glaciers zenziwe njenge-U valley. Oku kungenxa yesantya aza kuthi ngaso amanzi agqobhoze umhlaba kwaye awunike imilo.
I-Mississippi ephezulu icingelwa ukuba yayisekwe ngaphambi kwexesha laseWisconsin. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mlambo ngumlambo wasemva kwendalo owenziwe kwinqanaba elimalunga ne-800 BC
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo iMississippi
Ngokuwela amazwe amaninzi kwaye unezinto ezizityebi kwisilika kunye nodongwe unobutyebi obuninzi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana. Ukongeza, ukuba nemozulu efumileyo kunye neyetropiki ilungele uphuhliso lweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo. Zombini iikhosi zomlambo kunye nesitya ngokubanzi banandipha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo.
Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezimi ngaphandle koMlambo iMississippi sineentlobo ezilandelayo:
- Louisiana ibhere elimnyama
- Ingwenya yaseMelika
- Ufudo lwemephu etyheli
- Ufudo lwemephu olunjiweyo
- I-Notropis rafinesquei
- I-Notropis roseipinnis
- Iintlanzi zokudanisa ezaziwa njengeNotorus hildebrandis.
- I-sturgeon echibi
- Iintlanzi zeAmiiform
- Amia inkqayi
Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zidwelisiweyo luphela. Oko kukuthi, ziindidi ezizodwa zoMlambo iMississippi kuba zinokufumaneka kuphela kule ecosystem. Ukongeza, ngaphandle kohlobo olubizwa ngamagama kukho iintlobo ezingama-63 zeembaza kunye neentlobo ezingama-57 zononkala. Ineentlobo ezi-5 zesibane kwiindawo apho kukho ubunzulu bamanzi.
Ngokubhekisele kwizityalo, isitya sonke sineentlobo ezininzi, ezinye zikhona kwaye ezinye azinjalo. Uluhlu lwaziwa kakhulu:
- ICarlx vulpinoidea
- Carex stipata
- Ukuphelelwa ngumdla capensis
- UCaltha palustris
Zininzi ezinye, kodwa ezi zezona zininzi kwaye ziyaziwa.
Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kunye nosongelo
Njengoko kulindelekile, umlambo otyebileyo kwindalo ephilayo kunye nezinto zejoloji ibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kumazwe ahamba kuwo. Kukho amashishini aliqela kunye nezolimo ezixhomekeke kuMlambo iMississippi. Isetyenziswa njengomjelo wamanzi wokuhamba usuka kwenye indawo uye kwelinye kwaye useke amashishini. Ukusukela ekufikeni kweekholoniyali, umlambo waba yindlela ebalulekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukuthumela amalahle, ioyile, intsimbi kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo.
Emva phayaa ngo-1820s kulapho ii-steamboats yayizezinye zezona ndlela zokuhamba zazisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuhamba kulo mlambo. Ithuba eliphakathi kuka-1830 no-1950 yayilixesha legolide kwezi nqanawa. Phakathi kwezinye iimveliso zorhwebo ezazithuthwe ngenxa yalo mlambo sifumana umqhaphu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noMlambo iMississippi.