Olunye lolwandle oludumileyo emhlabeni ngokukhethekileyo yi ULwandle oluFileyo. Idume ngezizathu ezininzi. Eyokuqala sisixa sayo esiphakamileyo setyuwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubomi emanzini ayo abunakuphuhliswa kwaye bathande ukuba ezinye izinto zinokudada kuwo. Kukwaziwa kaninzi njengoko kukhankanywa kwiindinyana ezahlukeneyo eBhayibhileni. Nangona ibizwa ngegama lolwandle, lichibi lokugqibela elingenalo naluphi na uhlobo lokuphuma.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ijiology kunye nomdla woLwandle oluFileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ulwandle Olufileyo lichibi lokugqibela elingqongwe ngumhlaba ngaphandle kokuphuma emanzini ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo. Koko kukuthi, Eli chibi le-hypersaline elinetyiwa ephezulu edlula olo naluphi na uhlobo lolwandle okanye ulwandle. Ime kwimida yeJordani, Israel kunye ne-West Bank. Ime kubunzulu obumalunga neemitha ezingama-400 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Esi inokuba sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni sinetyuwa eninzi kangaka.
Ukuba sijonga ngokwembono, sinokubona ukuba uLwandle oluFileyo lelinye lawona manqanaba asezantsi emhlabeni. Oko kukuthi, lelona qela lisezantsi lamanzi kuwo onke. Yahlulahlulwe yaba zizitya ezibini ezahlulwe yibhulorho yomhlaba. Ngokubanzi, bahlala kuxinzelelo olwenziwe kukuqhekeka okanye isiphoso esaziwa njenge-Jordan Valley. Oku kubekwe phakathi kweenduli zakwaYuda kunye neThafa laseTransjordan
Inxalenye esemantla yoLwandle Olufileyo yeyona inkulu kwaye inzulu. TInobude obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 kwaye ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-400 ubunzulu. Isitya sasemazantsi, kwelinye icala, ziikhilomitha ezili-11 kuphela ubude kwaye ziimitha ezi-4 ubunzulu kuphela. Ukuphela komlambo ongena kweli chibi nguMlambo iYordan. Kuphela komjelo oqhubekayo wamanzi olu lwandle lunalo. Ihlala ikhupha isixa esikhulu samanzi acocekileyo, ngakumbi kwisitya esingasentla.
Kwindawo esemazantsi ihlala ityiswa ngamanzi avela kwimilambo eliqela. Kodwa ayilo galelo libalulekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba loLwandle Olufileyo aluguquguquki unyaka wonke. Isixa esikhulu setyuwa banamaxabiso amaxabiso angama-340 eegram kwilitha nganye. Enye yezinto ezikhuthaza isixa esikhulu setyuwa kukuba inani lamanzi amatsha eliwafumanayo lingaphantsi kwenani lamanzi aphuma abe ngumphunga.
Kule meko, sinomphunga wamanzi olwandle aphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ibekwe kwindawo enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemvula encinci. Iityuwa ezifumaneka kula manzi ziyi-sodium chloride, i-magnesium chlorine, i-calcium chloride, i-potassium chloride kunye ne-magnesium bromide. Kunokuthiwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-27 zamanzi kolu lwandle zenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo.
Ukwenziwa kolwandle olufileyo
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambilana, uLwandle Olufileyo lume kwintlambo. Oko kukuthi, kukudakumba okungqamane neziphene ezihambelana nomnye nomnye. Esi siphoso siqhubeka kuwo onke amacwecwe etectonic. Phambi kokuba kudalwe lo mngxuma, uLwandle lweMeditera lwalulukhulu kunangoku. Yangena kuzo zonke iindlela nasePalestine ngexesha le ixesha lejurassic kunye intle. Nangona kunjalo, kwi Miocene ipleyiti yama-Arabhu yangqubana nenxalenye esemantla yesitya sase-Eurasia. Le yindlela aqala ngayo ukunyuka umhlaba kwaza kwasekwa udederhu lweentaba lwasePalestine. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukutyhubela iminyaka, le ntlambo ingumwonyo yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe yazaliswa ngamanzi olwandle.
Sele ikwiPleistocene, bekukho umhlaba omkhulu phakathi kweMeditera kunye nentlambo eyasekwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka phakathi kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuphakamisa iimitha ezininzi de kube amanzi elwandle arhoxisiwe. Oku kubangele ukuba umngxuma kunye namanzi ahlukaniswe. IGulf of Aqaba nayo yayiqhelile.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zoLwandle Olufileyo
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ityuwa yoLwandle Olufileyo iphezulu kakhulu. Iba malunga nama-10 amatyuwa olwandle. Oku kuyenza ibe yintlango yaselwandle apho kuphela zizinto eziphilayo ezinakho ukuhlala kuyo. Ezona zinto ziphilayo ezikwaziyo ukuphila kwezi meko zigqithileyo ziibhaktheriya, iprotozoa, kunye ne-algae eneeseli enye.
Uninzi lwezi algae loludidi lweDunaliella. Nangona kunjalo, kulo lonke unxweme loLwandle oluFileyo sinokufumana ezinye izityalo ze-halophyte. Ezi zityalo zezo ziguqulelwe kwimihlaba eneendawo ezinetyuwa eninzi okanye ialkalinity. Ngokuchasene noko, asinakufumana naluphi na uhlobo lweentlanzi, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iintlanzi zirhuqelwa kwimisinga yomlambo kwaye ziphela zifa ngaphandle kwendlela yokuphila.
Ngesi sizathu, umntu akanakuthetha malunga ne-biodiversity xa sibhekisa kuLwandle oluFileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba olu lwandle alunazibonelelo zibalulekileyo. Enkosi ngesixa sayo esikhulu setyuwa, iityuwa zayo zinokukhutshwa ngenjongo yokunyanga. Unokufaka udaka oluselwandle emzimbeni kuba ineempawu ezintle eziluncedo kunye neeminerali zalo.
Iinkqubo
Nangona olu lwandle lungahlupheki kukuxhatshazwa kokuloba, ukwanda kwalo kunye nomthamo wehlile kula mashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba amanzi ajikajiko kwaye kukho inkxaso-mali enkulu yomhlaba ebangela ukuba ezinye iindawo ezisingqongileyo ziwe. Ukusukela ngo-1960 kuye kwakho ukuncipha kwenani elipheleleyo lamanzi. Oku kwaqala ukwenzeka xa uSirayeli waseka isikhululo sokumpompa kunxweme loLwandle lwaseGalili. Esi sikhululo sokumpompa sabangela ukuba amanzi oMlambo iJordani atshintshelwe kwamanye amazwe awasebenzisileyo ukuze akwazi ukunikezela nokunkcenkceshela izityalo.
Ngokuphambukisa isixa esikhulu samanzi kulolona ncedo lwaso luphambili kunye nokuba nesixa esikhulu sonyuko, oko kubangela ukuba umthamo wamanzi kolu lwandle abe mbalwa. Amanzi ancitshiswa malunga nemitha enye ngonyaka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandle Olufileyo.