Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-astronomer owayebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali. Imalunga ne UCharles Messier. Wayengoweshumi kwabantwana abali-12 umtshato kaNicolás Messier noFrancoise B. Grandblaise. Utata wakhe wayelipolisa kwi-Salm. Oku kwenza ukuba usapho, nangona lwaluninzi, lukwazi ukuhlala kamnandi. Yile ndlela uCharles Messier azinikele ngayo kwi-astronomy.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela i-biografi kaCharles Messier ukuze ufumane ukuba yayiyintoni imisebenzi yakhe kwilizwe lesayensi.
Isiqalo
Kwabantakwabo abali-12 ababengabo, aba-6 kubo basweleka ngaphambi kwexesha. Ngeminyaka eli-11 kuphela ubudala, utata kaCharles wasweleka kwaye wayeyinkedama. Ubhuti oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala ogama linguJacinto uthathe indima yokuba yintloko yosapho kwaye ukhathalele kwaye wajonga imfundo yomntakwabo uCharles. Ekuqaleni, uJacinto wayefuna ukuba umntakwabo omncinci afane naye. Injongo yayikukuba asebenze kwinkundla yenqununu.
Nangona kunjalo, UCharles ufumene isakhono esikhulu sokuzoba nokujonga. Oku kwamvumela ukuba afumane umsebenzi ngo-1751 njengenkosi yeenkwenkwezi kwi-navy yaseFransi. Kulo msebenzi akazange azobe iimephu zezulu kuphela, kodwa wenza neemephu zejografi. Ezi mephu zazichaneke kakhulu ngexesha ezazikuzo, ezenza abaphathi babo bonwabe kakhulu. Umfazi ogama linguDelisle wayeneminyaka engama-60 kwaye wayengenabantwana. Ngesi sizathu, wamkela uMessier ekhayeni lakhe eRoyal College yaseFrance.
Wayesebenza kwinqaba yokujonga iRoyal Navy, apho wayeneofisi yakhe. Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu awawenzayo yayikukwenza imephu enkulu yase China. Khawufane ucinge ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesathelayithi okanye inqwelomoya okanye nantoni na enokubhabha ngaphezulu ukuze ubone ngcono ukuba yintoni ukwenza imephu epheleleyo. Emva kwexesha, wenza eminye yemizobo yohambo lweMercury kwaye waqalisa nokwenza izibalo kunye nemilinganiselo yeendawo ezime kuzo iinkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi. ISistema Solar.
Ezi yayiziziqalo zikaCharles Messier kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Ubuxhakaxhaka bokuphatha awayenabo bezixhobo zeenkwenkwezi kunye nokubona kwakhe okugqwesileyo kwamenza waba ngummeli omkhulu.
Uxhaphazo lukaCharles Messier
Ngelo xesha kwakulindelwe ukuba Halley comet, ibhengezwe yi UEdmund halley. Ukuhamba kwayo bekufanele ukuba kudlule kufutshane noMhlaba kwakhona kwaye kunokubonwa. Ukukhangela le comet kwaba yenye yezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwesi sazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Wazinikela ngokupheleleyo kwaye wafumanisa ii-comets ezintsha ezingama-20 ebomini bakhe. Okokuqala konke kwakungo-1758.
UMessier kunye noDelisle bafumanisa i-comet ngaloo nyaka. Emva kwexesha, ngelixa babelandela umkhondo weTaurusm baqonda ukuba kukho into engacacanga ebonakala ngathi yi-comet. Kulapho ke kwathatha olunye uluvo ukuqonda ukuba into abayifumeneyo yayiyi I-nebula.
Kwiminyaka kamva waphinda wafumanisa ii-comets ezimbini ezitsha kwaye babizwa ngo-1763 Messier kunye no-1764 Messier, ngembeko yomfumanisi kunye nomhla. Ngaphantsi kwemiyalelo ethe ngqo kaDelisle, wakwazi ukuzoba imephu ebonisa indlela ka-Halley's Comet ngo-1682. Umphathi wakhe wenza impazamo kwaye wachitha iinyanga ezili-18 ekhangela uHalley's Comet ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Ubuncinci oku kwamnceda ukuba afumane enye i-comet entsha.
Okokugqibela, uCharles Messier wakwazi ukuyifumana iHalley's Comet ngoJanuwari 21, 1759. Yabonwa kwindawo yesibhakabhaka eyahlukileyo kubalo olunikezwe nguDelisle. Khange ayivumele iwadi yakhe ukuba inxibelelane nokufunyenweyo ukuze ingabinakulunga. Ngo-1765 uDelisle wasethatha umhlala-phantsi, ngelixa uMessier eqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokujonga isibhakabhaka ekhangela iinkwenkwezi ezintsha ezibhadulayo.
Kuba izixhobo awayezisebenzisa zazikumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, wayehlala ekhangela izinto ezingacacanga awayezicinga ukuba zii-comets. Ukuze angabaphazamisi kwakhona, wayihlula ngamanani kwaye waqaphela indawo yayo kunye nenkcazo emfutshane. Ngale ndlela, xa efumanisa into entsha, unokujonga kwakhona idatha engacaciswanga ukuze abone ukuba yayisele iyinto awayenayo ngaphambili okanye hayi.
Into yokuqala eyafunyanwa kwiqela leTaurus ibizwa ngokuba yi-M1.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ifunyanisiweyo
Udumo lwasasazeka ngaphandle kweFrance ngo-1768. Enkosi ngoku wamkelwa kwiRoyal Society yaseLondon. Emva kwexesha uKumkani wasePrussia wanikezela idinga kwiBerlin Academy ngenxa yemephu yendlela awayeyenza ngayo yena ngokwakhe. Wonyulwa kwakhona njengelungu leSweden Academy eStockholm.
Watshata no-Marie-Françoise de Vermauchampt oneminyaka engama-40 eneminyaka engama-37. Ngelishwa, ubomi bakhe baqala ukubandezeleka ngenxa yokuzalwa konyana wakhe, kuba umfazi wakhe wasweleka nosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ngo-Novemba ngo-1781 wafumana ingozi embi xa wawela kumngxunya womkhenkce. Oku kuwa kubangele ukwaphuka emlenzeni nasengalweni, kunye neembambo ezininzi ezaphukileyo. Yamshiya phantse unyaka engakhange akwazi ukuqaphela. Emva kwexesha uthathe isifundo sokuhamba kweMercury ngaphambi kwediski yelanga.
Ekugqibeleni, Ngo-1784, wapapasha ikopi yakhe yesine neyokugqibela yekhathalogu yeMessier enezinto ezili-109 ezibonwayo. Ukwafumene nokuqeshwa kwiDublin Academy of Science (1784), kwiAkhademi yaseStanislav, eNancy, eLorena (1785), nakwiAkhademi yaseVergara, eSpain (1788).
Sele ngo-1801 wayeyinxalenye yeprojekthi yokugqibela apho wafumanisa khona i-comet yakhe yokugqibela eyaziwa ngokuba yiPons comet. Ngenxa yobudala bakhe, wayesele enze umbono omncinci kwaye wasweleka kwi-1815 ye-infraction ye-cerebral. Khange abenakho ukuphola njengoko imshiye ekhubazekile ngokuyinxenye kwaye Usweleke ekhayeni lakhe eParis eneminyaka engama-87.
Njengoko ubona, uCharles Messier wenze igalelo elininzi kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwaye uya kuhlala ekhunjulwa. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukunceda ukuba ufunde ngakumbi malunga nososayensi kunye nazo zonke izinto awazenzayo. Kuze kube namhlanje, kusakhankanywa kwiinkomfa ezininzi zeenkwenkwezi.