Rover Ukufuna ukwazi

umatshini wendawo kwi-mars

El rover Ukufuna ukwazi ngumatshini wasemajukujukwini uye wafunda isibhakabhaka sesijikelezi-langa iMars, efota imifanekiso yamafu aqaqambileyo nenyanga ekhukulisekayo. Izinzwa zemitha ye-rover zivumela izazinzulu ukuba zilinganise umyinge we-astronaut enemitha ephezulu ye-radiation yexesha elizayo eya kubonakaliswa kumphezulu we-Martian, inceda i-NASA ifumanise ukuba ingabagcina njani bekhuselekile.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga neCuriosity rover, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

umfanekiso womdla we-rover

ICuriosity rover ngumatshini wasemajukujukwini obuhlola umphezulu weMars ukususela ekufikeni kwayo ngoAgasti 2012. Yayilwa yaza yakhiwa yiNASA, esi sithuthi serobhothi siyinxalenye ye-Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL) kwaye inenani leempawu ezithandekayo ezenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona rovers eziphambili ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Inkulu kakhulu ilingana nemoto encinci. Imalunga neemitha ezi-2,9 ubude, iimitha ezi-2,7 ububanzi nezi-2,2 ukuphakama. Ubunzima bayo bubonke bumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-900. Ixhotyiswe ngamavili amathandathu, ngalinye linobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezingama-50, elivumela ukuba lihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye lihambe kumhlaba onzima weMars.

Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo zeCuriosity rover yinkqubo yayo yamandla. Ifaka ijenereyitha ye-radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG), leyo isebenzisa ubushushu obuveliswa kukubola kweplutonium-238 ukuvelisa umbane. Lo mthombo wamandla uvumela i-rover ukuba isebenze ixesha elide, nakwiimeko ezibandayo zeMartian.

Ikwanayo neentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zenzululwazi eziphucukileyo ebhodini. Inesampulu yohlalutyo lwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars), ekwaziyo ukufunda imichiza yamatye kunye nomhlaba weMartian. Ine-laser spectrometer enokuthi ikhuphe iinxalenye ezincinci zemathiriyeli ukuhlalutya ukwakheka kwayo. Ukongeza, ineekhamera ezakhelwe kwisisombululo esiphezulu esithatha imifanekiso yepanoramic kunye neenkcukacha zomphezulu weMartian.

Inengalo yerobhothi echaziweyo kwaye inokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezi-2,1. Ekupheleni kwengalo kukho izixhobo ezininzi, kuquka i-drill, ibrashi, kunye nekhamera, ekuvumela ukuba uthathe iisampulu kwaye uqhube uphando ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu weMartian.

Inkqubo yabo yonxibelelwano iyamangalisa. Isebenzisa ii-eriyali eziphezulu zokusasaza idatha kwinethiwekhi yonxibelelwano yeNASA, ivumela izazinzulu emhlabeni ukuba zifumane ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neMars ngexesha langempela.

Ukufunyanwa kweCuriosity rover

imast kwiplanethi iMars

Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyenweyo kwiCuriosity rover kuMars kufuneka senze sizimisele ukuba amanzi alulwelo, kunye neekhemikhali kunye nezondlo eziyimfuneko ukuxhasa ubomi, zikhona eGale Crater ubuncinane amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. Le crater yayikhe yanechibi, eliye lakhula kwaye lehla ngobukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umaleko ngamnye ongentla weMount Sharp ubhala imeko-bume yeMartian yamva nje.

Ngoku i-rover enesibindi inqumla kumwonyo ophawula ukutshintshela kwindawo entsha ekukholelwa ukuba yabakho xa amanzi omile, ishiya ngasemva izimbiwa ezinetyuwa ezaziwa ngokuba ziisulfates.

"Sibona ubungqina botshintsho olumangalisayo kwimozulu yamandulo yaseMartian," watsho usosayensi weprojekthi yeCuriosity uAshwin Vasavada weNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory kumazantsi eCalifornia. "Umbuzo ngoku ingaba iimeko ezinokuhlalwa iCuriosity edibene nazo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ziye zaqhuba kolu tshintsho. Ngaba baye bahamba ngonaphakade okanye baye bafika badlula izigidi zeminyaka?

ICuriosity rover yenze inkqubela engakholelekiyo entabeni. Kwi-2015, iqela lathatha umfanekiso "weposikhadi" yentaba ekude. Intwana encinci kulo mfanekiso lilitye elilingana neCuriosity elibizwa ngokuba yi "Ilha Novo Destino," phantse iminyaka esixhenxe emva kokuba i-rover yadlula kwinyanga ephelileyo isendleleni eya kwibala lesulfate.

Iqela liceba ukuhlola ummandla ocebileyo we-sulfate kwiminyaka ezayo. Kuyo, baqwalasela iithagethi ezifana nomjelo weGediz Vallis, onokuthi wenziwe ngexesha lokukhukula emva kwexesha lembali yeMount Sharp, kunye nokuqhekeka okukhulu kwesamente ebonisa impembelelo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba entabeni.

Bayigcina njani iCuriosity rover isebenza

Rover umdla

Abantu babuza ukuba yintoni imfihlo yeCuriosity rover yokugcina le ndlela yokuphila esebenzayo kwi-10 yobudala. Impendulo iku Iqela lamakhulu eenjineli ezizinikeleyo ezisebenza zombini e-JPL kwaye ukude nekhaya.

Eli qela lenza iikhathalogu zonke iintanda ezisemavilini, livavanya zonke iikhowudi zekhompyutha ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe emajukujukwini, kwaye lemba iisampuli zamatye ezingapheliyo kwiJet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Yard ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokuhlala ikhuselekile kwisijikelezi-langa esibomvu.

Nje ukuba ufike kuMars, yonke into oyenzayo iqikelelwe kwinto yokuba akukho mntu kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 zeemayile onokuyilungisa, utshilo uAndy Mishkin, umphathi wenkqubo yeCuriosity wethutyana kwiJPL. "Yonke into malunga nokusebenzisa ngobulumko oko kukwi-rover."

Umzekelo, inkqubo yokugrumba iye yalungiswa amaxesha amaninzi ukususela oko yahlala. Ngaxa lithile, i-drill yayingekho kwikhomishini isithuba esingaphezu konyaka njengoko iinjineli zaziyilungelelanisa ukuze ibukeke ngakumbi njenge-drill ngesandla. Kutshanje, iseti yeendlela zokuqhobosha ezivumela ingalo ukuba ihambe okanye ihlale kwindawo iyekile ukusebenza. Nangona ingalo ibisoloko ibaleka njengesiqhelo ineseti esecaleni ebinayo, eli qela likwafunde ukugrumba imingxuma ngononophelo ukukhusela ezi ziqhoboshi zintsha.

Ukunciphisa umonakalo kumavili, iinjineli zahlala zijonge iingozi, ezifana indawo engumnqantsa abasandula ukuyifumanisa, kwaye baphuhlise i-algorithm yokulawula ukutsala ukunceda.

Iqela lathatha indlela efanayo ekulawuleni amandla erover aye ehla kancinci. Ineebhetri zenyukliya ezihlala ixesha elide endaweni yeepaneli zelanga. Njengoko iiathom zeplutonium ezikwiibhetri zibola, zivelisa ubushushu, obuguqulelwa yirover ibe ngumbane. Irover ayizukwazi ukwenza umyinge ofanayo womsebenzi ngosuku njengoko yenzayo kunyaka wayo wokuqala, njengoko iiathom ziqhekeka ngokuthe ngcembe.

UMishkin uthe iqela liyaqhubeka nokufumanisa ukuba angakanani amandla asetyenziswa yi-rover suku ngalunye, kwaye sele ifumene yeyiphi imisebenzi enokwenziwa ngokuhambelanayo ukwandisa amandla akhoyo e-rover. Ngokucwangcisa ngocoselelo nangobuchule bobunjineli, eli qela likhangele phambili kwiminyaka emininzi yokuhlola elilindeleyo le rover inesibindi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neCuriosity rover kunye neempawu zayo.


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