Ngaphakathi ICenozoic use Ixesha likaNeogene kwaye yahlulwe yazihlandlo ezininzi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nexesha lokugqibela leli xesha elaziwa njenge Pliocene. I-Pliocene yaqala malunga ne-5.5 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphela iminyaka eyi-2.6 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Eli xesha linokubaluleka kakhulu ngokwembono ye-anthropological okoko ngeli xesha iifossil zokuqala zafunyanwa I-Australopithecus. Olu hlobo lukhoyo wokuqala okhoyo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nePliocene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Eli xesha liye lagqitywa lutshintsho olukhulu ngokubhekisele kwiyantlukwano, zombini ngokwezityalo nezilwanyana, nangabantu. Olu tshintsho lubangelwe yinto yokuba izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zaqala ukuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezazithintelwe ziimeko zemozulu. Ezi ndawo kwiintlobo ezininzi ziye zahlala unanamhla.
Eli xesha liqhubeke phantse iminyaka ezigidi ezi-3. Kukho iinguqu kwinqanaba lolwandle. Kuyo yonke iPliocene bekukho utshintsho olunzulu nolubalulekileyo kwimizimba yamanzi. Enye yezona zinto zaziwayo kukwaphuka konxibelelwano olwalukho phakathi koLwandlekazi lweAtlantic kunye noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Esi yayisisiphumo sokuvela kweIsthmus yasePanama. Njengoko iinguqu ziye zavela kulwandlekazi, uMazantsi oLwandle lweMeditera aye agcwaliswa ngamanzi avela kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Oku kwaphelisa ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yiMessinian yetyuwa.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiPliocene epoch kukuvela kwe-hominid yokuqala ye-bipedal. Olu lwazi luyafumaneka ngenxa yenani elikhulu leefosili eziye zaqokelelwa ukusukela ngeli xesha. I-hominid yokuqala ukubonakala kulo mhlaba yathiywa igama I-Australopithecus. Kwakudlulela kwimvelaphi yohlobo lomntu njengoko siyazi oko kususela kwimizekelo yokuqala yohlobo lohlobo lukaHomo.
I-Pliocene Geology
Ngeli xesha kwakungekho msebenzi mkhulu we-orogenic. Inkqubo ye- Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi Iyaqhubeka nokushukuma kwaye ihambise amazwekazi kwizikhundla zawo zangoku. Ngeli xesha ukuhamba kwamazwekazi kwakucotha zombini iilwandle kunye neelwandle. Babenendawo efanayo naleyo banayo namhlanje. Babeqelelene ngeekhilomitha ezimbalwa.
Esinye seziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwiPliocene geology yayikukubunjwa kwesiqwenga sasePanama. Olu lwakhiwo lubambe uMntla noMzantsi Merika ngokudibeneyo. Le nto yayiqengqeleka kuba yayinefuthe kwimozulu yeplanethi yonke. Ngalesi siqithi, lonke unxibelelwano olwalukho phakathi kweelwandle zePasifiki kunye neAtlantic zavalwa.
Kwinqanaba leepali, zombini iAntarctic kunye neArctic amanzi afumana ukuhla okukhulu kumaqondo obushushu, aba ngamaqondo obushushu abanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Kukho ulwazi oluqokelelwe ziingcali ezithi ngeli xesha bekukho ukuhla okungaziwayo kwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye kungenxa yokuba inani leepopar kunye neekhephu zomkhenkce zonyukile. Oku kuzise iziphumo ezibangele ukuba amaqhekeza omhlaba avele ngoku atshonileyo. Umzekelo, kukho imeko yebhulorho yomhlaba edibanisa iRussia nelizwekazi laseMelika. Okwangoku le bhulorho itshone emanzini kwaye ihlala kuyo ngendlela eyaziwa ngokuba yiBering Strait.
Imozulu yezulu
Ngeli xesha eliye lahlala phantse iminyaka ezigidi ezi-3, imozulu yahluka kakhulu kwaye iyaguquguquka. Ngokweerekhodi eziqokelelwe ziingcali zemozulu, bekukho amaxesha apho ubushushu bonyuke kakhulu. Oku kwahlukile ngamanye amaxesha, ngakumbi esiphelweni sePliocene, apho amaqondo obushushu ehla kakhulu.
Phakathi kweempawu zemozulu ezibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha kukuba yayiyimozulu yonyaka. Oko kukuthi, baveza amaxesha onyaka, amabini kuwo ephawulwe kakhulu. Obunye bubusika apho umkhenkce usasazeka ngaphezulu kweplanethi yonke. Enye yayilihlobo lasehlotyeni apho umkhenkce wanyibilika kwaye wanika indlela yokuma komhlaba ubharhile.
Ngokubanzi, kunokuthiwa imozulu ekupheleni kwePliocene yayomile ngenxa yokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu esike saxoxa ngawo ngaphambili. Ukongeza, yafumana inkangeleko eyomileyo kwaye yabangela imeko-bume ukuba iguqulwe kwaye iguqulwe isuswe kumahlathi iye kwii-savanna.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Izilwanyana zahluka ngokubanzi ngexesha lePliocene kwaye zeza kuthanga iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-flora yafumana uhlobo lokudodobala ngenxa yokuba iimeko zemozulu zazingathandeki. Ngokubakho kobusika apho iqhwa lithatha uninzi lweplanethi kunye nehlobo elomileyo nelomileyo, bekungekho mfuneko yophuhliso okanye ukwahluka kwezityalo.
Flora
Izityalo ezanda kakhulu ngexesha lePliocene yayiziindawo ezinengca. Kungenxa yokuba zizityalo ezinokuthi zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokulula namaqondo obushushu aphantsi abekhona ngexesha lePliocene. Olunye uhlaza olushushu lukhona, ngakumbi emahlathini nasemahlathini, kodwa luphelele kummandla weikhweyitha kuphela. Kukule ndawo apho iimeko zemozulu zazikhona ukuze zichume kwaye zisasaze.
Utshintsho lwemozulu olwenzekileyo ngeli xesha lubangele ukuba iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zibonakale zinabantu abambalwa kakhulu ezineempawu zentlango. Eminye yale mimandla ixhaphake nanamhlanje. Ngokubhekisele kwiindawo ezikufutshane neepali, kwasekwa uhlobo olunye lweentyatyambo namhlanje. ZiyiConifers. Kungenxa yokuba banokumelana kakhulu nokubanda kwaye banako ukukhula kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
izilwanyana
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, elinye lamanyathelo abalulekileyo malunga nokubakho komntu ngeli xesha. Izilwanyana ezanyisayo nazo zafumana imitha emikhulu yendaleko ezibangela ukuba zisasazeke kwinani elikhulu leendawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngolu lwazi ungazi ngakumbi ngePliocene kunye nazo zonke izinto eziphambili.