Ixesha leMiocene

Ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana

Elinye lamaxesha exesha Neogene ibisele ikhona ICenozoic mzuzu el Miocene. Ngeli xesha lexesha, inani elikhulu leziganeko zenzeka kuwo omabini amanqanaba okwakheka komhlaba, imozulu kunye nendalo. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kweqondo lobushushu kwaba namava, ukuqala ngamathontsi emva koko kwenyuka kancinci. Oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukhokelele kuphuhliso lweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ijiology, imozulu, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zeMiocene.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ixesha leMiocene

Eli xesha laqala malunga neminyaka engama-23 yezigidi eyadlulayo kwaye laphela malunga ne-5 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Utshintsho lwenzekile kwinqanaba le-orogenic apho ukukhula kweentaba ezahlukeneyo. Ngombulelo kwiirekhodi ezininzi zeefosili, kuye kwenzeka ukubona ukuba yayilinqanaba elinokukhula okukhulu kwinqanaba lebhayiloji apho kukho iintlobo ezinkulu zezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Eli qela lelona lafumana olona phuhliso lukhulu kunye nokwahluka kumgangatho wehlabathi.

Miocene Geology

Ngexesha leMiocene epoch umsebenzi onzima wejoloji unokujongwa kuba bekukho intshukumo enkulu kwilizwekazi eliqhubekekayo ukufuduka Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi. Ngale ndlela, iphantse yahlala kule ndawo inayo namhlanje. Zininzi iingcali ezithi, ngelo xesha, Iplanethi sele inophantse ulungelelwaniso olufanayo namhlanje.

Esinye seziganeko ezibalulekileyo zejoloji yayikukungqubana kwelizwekazi elisemantla nelizwekazi laseAfrika. Lo msitho ubaluleke kangaka nanjengoko ukhokelele ekuvaleni kolunye ulwandle ekufuneka ukuba lwalukhona kude kube leli xesha. Ulwandle lwaluyiParatetis.

Ngeli xesha ukuhamba kweIndiya kwakungazange kuphele. Washiya ukubamba kunye nokucinezela ngokuchasene nommandla waseAsia. Oku kubangele iintaba ze zeHimalaya yayikhula ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuphakama kunye nokwenza iincopho eziphakamileyo. Kwijografi yeMeditera kukho umsebenzi omkhulu we-orogenic kwaye ngeli xesha kulapho iintaba ezaziwa ngcono zaphakanyiswa namhlanje.

Imozulu yaseMiocene

Izilwanyana zeMiocene

Njengoko besesitshilo ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, imozulu yeli xesha yayijongwa kakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwaye njengesiphumo sokwandiswa kwe ukwandiswa komkhenkce kwiipali zombini. Oku kwandiswa komkhenkce kubangelwe kwixesha langaphambili elaziwa njenge Ilungile. Eminye imimandla kuye kwafuneka ukuba ifumane iimeko ezomileyo njengoko bezingakwazi ukugcina ukufuma. Khumbula ukuba ukufuma kubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kweentsholongwane kunye nezityalo.

Ngeli xesha elinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi ahlala ixesha elide. Ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi embindini weMiocene kuxa ubushushu behlabathi baqala ukwanda kakhulu. Le nyaniso yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu yaziwa ngokuba Imozulu efanelekileyo yeMiocene. Ngeli xesha amaqondo obushushu ambient ngokuthe ngcembe anyuke aya kuma-5 degrees ngaphezulu kwamaqondo obushushu akhoyo ngoku. Oku kuthetha ukuba iplanethi sele inamava obushushu aphezulu kunalawo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elonyusiweyo belicotha kakhulu, linika iintlobo zezilwanyana ixesha elininzi lokuziqhelanisa.

Utshintsho lwemozulu esikuyo ngoku luyanda kumgangatho wabantu. Oku kwenza ukuba izinto eziphilayo zingakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha. Ngombulelo ngokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kwiplanethi, imeko yemozulu ethe chatha inokuvela.

Ngokukhulisa uluhlu lweentaba ngokubaluleka nokuphakama okukhulu, yenziwa Imvula iya kuncipha kakhulu. Njengoko iMiocene yaqhubela phambili, iplanethi yonke yajika yaya kwimozulu eyomileyo. Ngesi sizathu, lonke ulwandiso lwamahlathi lancitshiswa kwaye iintlango kunye neetundra zandiswa.

Flora

Uninzi lwazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezazikho eMiocene ziyafumaneka namhlanje. Inokujongwa kulo lonke eli xesha likhoyo ukuhla okubonakalayo kumahlathi nakumahlathi ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokwandiswa kobushushu obukhankanywe apha ngasentla. Kuba imvula ibiphantsi kwaye isezantsi izityalo kuye kwafuneka zivumelane nolu tshintsho.

Ngexesha leMiocene baqala kulawula izityalo ezinobungozi kunye nezinye ezincinci ezincinci ezinokumelana nexesha elide lembalela. Enye yezi ntlobo yiparadise. Ngeli xesha, ii-angiosperms zikhula kakuhle, ezizizityalo esele zigubungele imbewu.

izilwanyana

Izilwanyana zaseMiocene

Izilwanyana ezanyisayo lelona qela lezilwanyana laliphambili ngexesha le-Miocene. Banokwahluka ubukhulu becala ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuvalwa kolwandle lweParatetis kwabandakanyeka. Zonke iintlobo zezidalwa ezanyisayo ziya kuphuhla, ukusuka kwelona qela lincinci leempuku ukuya kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinjengezilwandle.

Iintaka nazo zikhulise kakhulu ngeli xesha. Izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezazilawula ixesha zezi zilandelayo:

  • gomphotherium (Ukuphela)
  • Amphicyon (Ukuphela)
  • uMerychippo (Ukuphela)
  • I-Astrapotherium (Ukuphela)
  • Megapedese (Ukuphela)

Ukusuka kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo zasemanzini sinokubona ukuba ubukhulu becala zazingafani kwaye ookhokho beminenga yangoku babenemvelaphi. Phakathi kwezo zikhule kwaye zaphuhliswa kakhulu zezo zeqela lama-cetaceans, ngakumbi ii-odontocetes. Ezi zizilwanyana ezinamazinyo ezifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-14. Ukutya kwabo kwakukutya okugcweleyo kwaye batya ezinye iintlanzi, iskwidi kunye neecetaceans ezivela kwiqela elinye.

Kufuneka singazilibali izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo. Sikwafumene uluhlu lwezirhubuluzi ezikhule kakuhle. Amathambo afunyenwe kuphela kumantla oMzantsi Merika. Ufudo lwamanzi amatsha lolona lukhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ifosili ibonisa ufudo olunokuba ziimitha ezimbini ubude. Kwakukukutya okutyayo kwaye amaxhoba ayo yayiziimphibi kunye neentlanzi.

Njengoko ubona, eli xesha lilungile kuphuhliso lwabo bonke ubomi emhlabeni. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nexesha leMiocene.


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
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