Ulwandle, ikhaya lezilwanyana ezininzi kunye nezityalo. Kunqabile ukuba sime sicinge ngempembelelo esinayo kwimozulu, emva kokuba bonke ubomi bethu busemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, iplanethi yethu igutyungelwe ngama-70% amanzi; Ngamanye amagama, imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla igxile kwi-30% kuphela. Ukongeza, iilwandlekazi ziqulathe phantse onke amanzi eMhlabeni: malunga ne-97%. I-3% eseleyo imi kwiipali.
Kule nto ekhethekileyo siya kufumanisa kutheni ulwandle lubalulekile ukuqonda imozulu, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu behlabathi.
Ukubaluleka kweelwandle
Iilwandle zilawula ubushushu, zifunxa icarbon dioxide. Njengoko zigubungela phantse iplanethi iphela, isixa esikhulu se-CO2 sitsala ngamanzi aso. Ebusuku zikhupha ubushushu obufunxwe emini, xa bekukho ilanga; kodwa ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa Ukuthumela umphunga wamanzi rhoqo emoyeni, Ngokwenza amafu. Ngombulelo kulo mjikelo wokufunxwa kunye nokukhutshwa, iqondo lobushushu leplanethi lihlala lizinzile kancinci okanye kancinci.
Kodwa ayichaphazeli ubushushu bomoya kuphela, kodwa kananjalo nakuloo mhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba, nangona ikude nonxweme, ngenxa yemisinga yolwandle eyahlukileyo. Iqela liyaziwa kwihlabathi, njengeGulf Stream okanye iAntarctic Circumpolar yangoku. Banendima ebaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwemozulu nakumjikelo wezondlo zamanzi. Ngale ndlela, zonke izilwanyana ezihlala elwandle zinokutya abakudingayo ukuze baphile, ukusuka kwikrill ukuya kukrebe omhlophe.
Imisinga ye-Ocean ingaba kuyabanda, ezivela kumazantsi polar nakwiqondo eliphakathi, okanye kushushu, ezo zezi ezivela kwiitropiki ukuya kwiindawo eziphezulu. Xa ezininzi zidityanisiwe, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba kukujika zenziwa kuMantla eIkhweyitha ziya kujikeleza ngokwewotshi, okanye ngokuchaseneyo kwiZantsi loMhlaba.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ulwandle lushushu kakhulu?
Yile nto siyibonayo ngoku: uninzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana ziqala ukufa, kwaye ezinye ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa. Kodwa bonke baneengxaki ezininzi. I-Algae kunye neplankton zigcina izilwanyana ezincinci njengekrill, kwaye ikrill ityiwa ziintlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezinje ngeminenga kunye namatywina. Ke, ikhonkco lokutya lisengozini enkulu, ingozi esele ilapha, kuba kwiindawo ezininzi abemi be-krill bancitshisiwe ngaphezulu kwe-80%. Uhlobo lweKrill emanzini abandayo, kufutshane nomkhenkce wolwandle. Ngamaqondo obushushu anyukayo, kuncipha nomhlaba ongaphantsi komkhenkce.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ikorale sisilwanyana saselwandle esinovakalelo kakhulu kutshintsho. Banobudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye ne-algae, apho bobabini bafumana izibonelelo: i-algae, nge-photosynthesis, bafumana iswekile ababelana ngayo nekorale, ebanika ikhaya elikhuselekileyo. Kodwa xa amanzi eshushu kakhulu, i-algae ayinakukwazi ukwenza le nkqubo ibalulekileyo, baphela besifa, kwaye iikorale ziyatshintsha umbala, buthathaka, kwaye ekugqibeleni zibune nazo.
Amalwandle afunxa ukuya kwikota ye-CO2 ekhutshwa ngabantu, kodwa singabhatala ixabiso eliphezulu. Iilwandle ziya zisanda ngokwanda ngeasidi, kwaye ukugcina ulungelelwano olubuthathaka olufunwa zizilwanyana kunye nazo zonke izinto ezihlala kulo, kufuneka lube yialkali. Iimbaza okanye iikorale ngokwazo zimbini nje ezingenakuphila kulwandle oluneasidi.
Impembelelo ye-Oceanic kwimozulu
Njengoko besitshilo, ulwandle luchaphazela imeko yezulu, nokuba lolunxweme okanye amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kulo. Enkosi kwinto eyaziwa ngegama lika Thermohaline yangoku, eYurophu sinokonwabela imozulu entle. Ngaphandle kwakhe, Siya kunyanzelwa ukuba sinxibe iimpahla ezifudumeleyo zoboya ngeenyanga zobusika.
Lo mlambo ukuhamba iplanethi yonke, ukufudumeza iPacific kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ukuya kwiAntarctic, de kutshone kulwandle lwaseNorway. Ngelo xesha amanzi abandayo anetyuwa ehla aye ezinzulwini, apho aya kuthi aye kwizithambeka ezishushu zoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kunye nePasifiki apho aya kuphinda avele khona aze ke awugqibe umjikelo.
Ngaba ityuwa iyayichaphazela imilambo?
Ewe ngokunjalo. Njengoko sisazi, xa si-odola isiselo esithambileyo kunye nomkhenkce, sihlala sidada ngaphezulu; Kwelinye icala, ukuba sifaka ityuwa emanzini iyakutshona kwangoko. Iipali zenziwe ngamanzi acocekileyo, kodwa kuncinci umkhenkce, Amanzi aseNyakatho yeAtlantic aya kuba netyuwa encinci, kwaye oku kunokuthetha ukuba eYurophu siza kufumana ubusika obubanda kakhulu. Okwangoku, i-NASA satellites zijonga ngenyameko ukunyibilika komkhenkce nolwandle ukuzama ukuqonda ngcono le nkqubo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sifumanise kuphela i-5% yolwandle. Ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi, kuya kubakho iintlobo ezininzi eziza kutshabalala ngaphandle kokuba sizibonile nokuba kukanye, kunye nezinye ezininzi, ezisebenza njengokutya, mhlawumbi azinakho ukuziqhelanisa.
Ulwandle kufuneka lukhuselwe kwaye lukhathalelwe, ngenxa yalo sonke sixhomekeke.