Kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka

Amaxesha amane onyaka, intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ukwindla nobusika, ngamathuba amane amiselweyo onyaka ngamnye ahlulwe ngokweemeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo neziqhubekayo ezibonakala emoyeni. Ngamnye uhlala malunga neenyanga ezintathu kwaye, xa zizonke, zenza inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yemozulu eqhubekayo kunye neemeko zemozulu. Abantu abaninzi abazi Kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka.

Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele ukuba kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukulinganisa amandla eplanethi.

Kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka

Amaxesha onyaka sisiganeko seplanethi esisisiphumo sokuhamba koguqulo kunye nokuthambekela kweeplanethi kwiindlela zazo ezijikeleze ilanga, kwaye nangona zivela kuzo zombini iihemispheres zomhlaba, zihlala zisenzeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo, oko kukuthi, xa kusehlotyeni emantla kwaye ihlobo emazantsi bubusika kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Ukuze bahlule, ngokuqhelekileyo sithetha ngexesha langasentla (kwi-hemisphere esenyakatho) kunye nexesha lasezantsi (kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi).

Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yemozulu, amaxesha onyaka azibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, imimandla ekufutshane ne-ikhweyitha ayinawo amaxesha onyaka achazwe kakuhle, kodwa kunamaxesha onyaka anemvula nembalela, anomahluko kancinane wamaqondo obushushu, lo gama kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo amaxesha onyaka ahluka kwaye imozulu nemozulu ziyahluka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela yokuziphatha yesikhululo ngasinye ixhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo le ndawo.

Ngokubanzi, amaxesha amane onyaka anokuqondwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ubusika. Eli lelona xesha libandayo lonyaka xa ilanga libetha kancinci ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kancinci kakhulu, ukukhula kwesityalo kuyacotha okanye kume, kwaye kwezinye iindawo kuvela iqabaka, ikhephu kunye nezinye izehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo.
• Primavera. Eli lixesha lokuzalwa kwakhona, xa ilanga lifudumala kwakhona kwaye iqhwa liqala ukunyibilika, kwaye izityalo zisebenzisa eli xesha ukuze zibe luhlaza kwaye ziqhakaze. Iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifukame ziphuma emingxunyeni yazo kwaye iintsuku ziqala ukuba nde.
• Ihlobo. Eli lelona xesha lishushu enyakeni xa ilanga lithe ngqo kwaye libukhali kwaye nobushushu buphakama. Kuxa isityalo sithwala isiqhamo kwaye izilwanyana ezininzi zisebenzisa eli thuba lokuzala.
• Ukuwa. Kuxa amagqabi ebuna, imozulu iqalisa ukuphola yaye ubomi bulungiselela ukufika kobusika. Lixesha elinxulunyaniswa ngokwenkcubeko ne-melancholy kunye nosizi, njengoko ubusuku buqala ukubande kuneentsuku.

Imbali ethile

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ziye zaqonda amaxesha onyaka njengomjikelezo ongunaphakade, kwaye zidibanise iimbali zabo zokusebenza kunye nemijikelo ye-cosmic kunye nomnye. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni beenyanga zobusika, ubude bobusuku nokuba buthathaka kwelanga kunxulunyaniswa nokufa nokuphela kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza intwasahlobo ibe lixesha lokuzalwa kwakhona nokubhiyozelwa, ixesha apho ubomi busiyisa.

Unxulumano olunjalo kunye nezikweko zibonakala kwizithethe ezininzi zasentsomini nakwimiqondiso yeemfundiso ezininzi zonqulo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zonyaka ezine zezi zilandelayo:

• Benza umjikelo okanye umjikelo ophindwa rhoqo ngonyaka, enomhla wokuqala okanye wokuphela owahluke kancinane kwithuba ngalinye. Imbalelwano yayo kunye neenyanga zonyaka ixhomekeke kwi-hemisphere yomhlaba, enye yazo: NgoJanuwari yinyanga yasebusika kumantla e-hemisphere, yinyanga yehlobo kwi-hemisphere esezantsi.
• Zizibonakalisa ngotshintsho lwemozulu olungaphezulu okanye olungaphantsi (ezifana nobushushu be-atmospheri kunye nokufuma) kunye neemeko zemozulu (ezifana nembalela, imvula, ikhephu, isichotho, imimoya enamandla, njl. njl.). Ixesha lonyaka ngalinye lineempawu zalo, ezidla ngokufana ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi phakathi kommandla wejografi kunye nomnye.
• Kukho amaxesha amane onyaka, nganye kuzo ithatha umlinganiselo weenyanga ezintathu, ngaloo ndlela igubungela iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini zonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla ye-ikhweyitha, kukho amaxesha amabini onyaka: ixesha lemvula kunye nexesha lonyaka elomileyo, ngalinye lithatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu.
• Imida phakathi kwexesha elithile kunye nelinye idla ngokusasazeka kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe, oko kukuthi, akukho zinguqu zibukhali kwaye zikhawulezayo ukusuka kwixesha elithile ukuya kwelinye. Amanqaku okuwela phakathi kwexesha lonyaka kunye nelinye abizwa ngokuba yi-solstices kunye ne-equinoxes.
• Ixesha ngalinye lineempawu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuziphatha kwayo kunokuxhomekeka kwindawo yejografi: i-Topography, indawo yeklimati, ukuba kufuphi nonxweme, njl.

Kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka emhlabeni?

Amaxesha onyaka abangelwa yindibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Intshukumo yoguqulo lweplanethi yethu, equka ukujikeleza komhlaba ilanga, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-365 okanye unyaka ukugqiba.
• I-axis yayo ihlale ithandeka, malunga ne-23,5 ° Ngokubhekiselele kwiplanethi ye-ecliptic, oko kukuthi, iplanethi yethu ithambekele ngokusisigxina, ngoko ifumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngokungalinganiyo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo kwi-orbit.
• Oku kuthetha ukuba ekupheleni komjikelezo wayo, iziganeko zemitha yelanga ziyahluka; ukufikelela ngqo phambili kwi-hemisphere enye (eya kuba namava ehlotyeni), kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo kunye ne-oblique kwenye i-hemisphere (eya kuba busika). Ngenxa yoko, i-engile apho ukukhanya kwelanga kubetha uMhlaba kuyahluka unyaka wonke, okukhokelela kwiintsuku ezinde okanye ezimfutshane, kuxhomekeke kwi-hemisphere.

Solstices kunye neequinoxes

I-solstice kunye ne-equinox zaziwa njengeendawo ezine eziphambili kwi-Earth's orbital path ejikeleze ilanga, ezihlala zisenzeka ngosuku olufanayo, ziphawula utshintsho ukusuka kwelinye ixesha ukuya kwelinye. Kukho ii-solstices ezimbini kunye nee-equinoxes ezimbini, ezi:

• I-solstice yasehlotyeni nge-21 kaJuni. Kweli nqanaba kumjikelezo wawo, phakathi kwekwindla/entlakohlaza esemantla nakumantla ehlobo/ebusika basemazantsi, uMhlaba ubeka esichengeni somhlaba wawo osemantla elangeni, ngoko ke imitha yelanga ibetha iTropic yoMhlaza ngokuthe nkqo. Umntla uyatshisa kwaye umzantsi uyaphola; ubusuku bufumana ixesha elide emazantsi (i-polar okanye i-6-inyanga yenyanga kufuphi ne-Antarctica), njengeentsuku ezisenyakatho (iintsuku ze-polar okanye iinyanga ezi-6 kufuphi neNorth Pole).
• NgoSeptemba 23 yi-equinox yasekwindla. Kweli nqanaba kwi-orbit, phakathi kwehlobo lasemntla / ubusika bamazantsi kunye nekwindla esemantla / intwasahlobo yasemazantsi, zombini izibonda zibonakaliswe kwimitha yelanga, ngoko ke imitha yazo i-perpendicular kwi-ikhweyitha yoMhlaba.
• I-solstice yasebusika nge-21 kaDisemba. Kweli nqanaba kumjikelezo wawo, phakathi kwekwindla esemantla/entlakohlaza esemazantsi kunye nobusika obunzima/emazantsi ehlobo, uMhlaba ubeka ummandla osemazantsi welizwe elangeni, ngoko ke imitha yelanga ibetha iCapricorn ngokuthe nkqo. Umzantsi uyatshisa, umntla uyabanda; ubusuku buba bude emantla (i-polar okanye ubusuku beenyanga ezi-6 kufuphi ne-North Pole), njengeentsuku ezisemazantsi (i-polar okanye i-6-inyanga yobusuku kufuphi ne-Antarctica).
• NgoMatshi 21 i-equinox yasentwasahlobo. Kweli nqanaba kumjikelezo, phakathi kobusika obusemantla/emazantsi ehlotyeni kunye nentwasahlobo ye-boreal/ekwindla esemazantsi, uMhlaba ubeka esichengeni sombini ihemisphere elangeni kwaye imitha yawo ibetha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ikhweyitha.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kutheni amaxesha onyaka esenzeka.