Xa sithetha ngazo Izityambo Sithetha nawuphi na umphezulu obuthambekele ngokunxulumene nendawo ethe tye. Zininzi iintlobo zamathambeka, zombini ezendalo kunye nezinto ezingezizo, kwaye zinokuthatha okwethutyana okanye ezisisigxina ngokuxhomekeka kubunjani bazo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neendidi zamathambeka, ukuba zenziwa njani kunye neempawu zawo eziphambili.
Iintlobo eziphambili zamathambeka
Umphezulu othambekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nendawo ethe tyaba uthathwa njengethambeka. Kukho amathambeka endalo anesakhiwo esenziwe ngumhlaba okanye ilitye. Kwelinye icala, kukho iithambeka ezingezizo ezenziwa ngesamente, i-asphalt okanye ezinye izinto kwaye zisebenza ukudala ukungalingani ngaphandle kwemfuneko okanye lula.
Sizahlulahlula zezona ntlobo ziphambili zethambeka:
- Yendalo: zezo zenziwe ngokwendalo kusetyenziswa iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zejoloji ezisebenza kumhlaba nakwilitye lomandlalo.
- Izinto ezingezizo: zizinto ezidalwe sisandla somntu. Ikakhulu baneenjongo zokuba babe nokwakha iindlela, amadama, oololiwe, iigranti, njl.
Xa kuhloselwe ukwakha ithambeka edamini nokuba lilitye okanye emhlabeni, kubalulekile ukuba ube noyilo lwangaphambili ngophononongo oluneenkcukacha. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukuba senza ithambeka lokuqulatha amanzi echibini, ithambeka kufuneka libenakho ukuxhasa ubunzima bamanzi ngaphandle kokophuka. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba idama liyasilela, onke amanzi anokudubula kwaye achaphazele uluntu olusezantsi.
Uyilo lweSlope kufuneka lube nomda kunye nohlalutyo olunzulu. Eyokuqala kukuthatha umphezulu wesiliphu. Njengoko sisazi, iindawo ezinesimo seismism zifunyenwe ngaphezulu kweziphene. Oku kunokubangela iinyikima ezitshabalalisa amathambeka. Enye yemiba esisiseko kuyilo lwamathambeka ukusetyenziswa kweekhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo zokumelana nezinto. Iithambeka zakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kufuneka uthelekise ukuxhathisa kwezinto nganye kunye neyakhelweyo, uyilungelelanise nayo nayiphi na indlela enokuthi isilele.
Uninzi lweentlobo zokungaphumeleli kwethambeka
Ukungaphumeleli kwithambeka kwenzeka ngokudilika komhlaba kubunzima bomhlaba. Obu bunzima busebenza njengomzimba oqinileyo oqinileyo oshenxisa ecaleni kwempazamo. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwethambeka ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu. Makhe sihlalutye zeziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli:
- Ukusilela kukhukuliseko lomhlaba olunzulu: olu hlobo lwesiphoso luxhomekeke kwimozulu nakwimozulu yommandla. Kule meko, imeteorology ibaluleke kakhulu xa usakha ithambeka. Ukuba imozulu yendawo iyimvula, ibeka umngcipheko wokuwa komhlaba rhoqo.
- Ukuhla komhlaba kumathambeka endalo kwindawo esele ikhona: kudla ngokulula ukuba iziphene zivele kumathambeka esele zenziwe ziidipozithi zethambeka ngokwendalo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi dipozithi zibekwe kwezinye izinto ezinamathele ngokuqinileyo.
- Ukusilela kwethambeka: zezo zenzeka ngokuhamba kwethambeka nokuba kungokunye okuvela ngaphandle njengamanzi okanye umoya.
- Ukungaphumeleli ukujikeleza: yindawo egobileyo ekuhamba kuyo ithambeka.
- Ukusilela kuguqulelo: yenzeka ecaleni kwemigangatho ebuthathaka kunye nezinto ezinganyangekiyo. Umphezulu uhlala ethe tyaba okanye uthambeke kancinci.
- Ukuhamba: Oku kuhamba kufana kakhulu nolwelo olubonakalayo njengelava okanye ubusi kwaye lunokwenzeka kumhlaba ongenagwele.
- Ukusilela kokhukuliseko lomhlaba: Ukuqhubeka komoya kunye nokutsala amanzi kunokubangela ukuba umphezulu ungaphumeleli. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuze kwenzeke oku, isenzo sezixhobo zejoloji kufuneka sibe namandla kakhulu kwaye sandiswe ekuhambeni kwexesha.
- Ukusilela koTywala: kwenzeka xa inemilo engaphezulu okanye engagungqiyo kunaleyo yokumiswa.
- Ukuthwala ukusilela kwamandla: kwenzeka xa isakhiwo esinobunzima obukhulu sakhiwe ngaphezulu kwethambeka elinokulixhasa.
Unobangela wokuhamba
Xa sibona ukuhamba kwamathambeka kubalulekile ukuhlalutya kakuhle ukuba zeziphi izizathu zawo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Imigangatho engazinzanga: Bavame ukuhambisa ezantsi ezenziwa ngamandla omxhuzulane okanye eminye imikhosi okanye imithwalo emikhulu kunamandla okubamba.
- Imihlaba engadibaniyo: yile mihlaba iyimbumba egudileyo okanye isanti esulungekileyo apho umhlaba opholileyo uthe tyaba. Imithambeka eyakhelwe kwimisipha engadibaniyo iya kuzinza lo gama nje ithambeka elingile lingaphantsi kwe-engile yokungqubana kwangaphakathi kwentlabathi okanye kumphezulu wegranular.
Izithambeka zendalo ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zithambeka kunqabile ukuba zihambelane okanye ngaphandle kwesahlulo. Kananjalo azizinzanga ngokwamachiza kwaye zihlala zingumhlaba odityanisiweyo. Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zamathambeka endalo kukuba babonisa ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka okwenza amanqaku abuthathaka kulwakhiwo. Ke ngoko, kuthiwa ayinalo naluphi na uhlobo lokuhlanjwa.
Imihlaba apho amathambeka ahlala esenziwa khona yimihlaba evulekileyo, iisanti ezimanzi, intlenga evulekileyo efakwe kudongwe, imihlaba enodongwe oluqhekekileyo, kunye nemihlaba eqinileyo enodongwe olufihliweyo. Kwiithambeka zendalo oonobangela bentshukumo bahlala ngenxa yamanqaku alandelayo:
- Ukufumana isisindo
- Ukwehla kokukhutshwa kwezixhobo
- Ukwanda kweporosity ngenxa yokukhukuliseka okugqithileyo
- Ukucheba ukunciphisa
Oonobangela bonyuswa ziiarhente ezithile ezichaza kwangaphambili kunye nokuququzelela ukuhambisa. Ezi arhente ukwakheka komhlaba, ubume bendawo, iklimatology, umjikelo wamanzi, ubunzima, umahluko kumaqondo obushushu kunye nohlobo lotyani.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namathambeka kunye neempawu zawo.