Ngexesha loku Mesozoic Kubekho amaxesha amathathu abonakalise iyantlukwano kwindalo yethu: Triassic, IJurassic y Ukuthintela. Kumgca wokwahlula owawukho ngaphambi kwexesha lika-Triassic, i IPermianInkqubo yokupheliswa kobuninzi yenzeka kwinqanaba leplanethi elenze i-95% yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo zanyamalala. Oku kwenza ukuba izilwanyana zeTriassic zimele into yokuseta kwakhona kubo bonke ubomi emhlabeni. Iindidi ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukusinda kule nkqubo yokupheliswa kobuninzi kwafuneka zivumelane neemeko zomhlaba nezaselwandle.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi Izilwanyana zeTriassic.
Ukuphuhliswa kweZityalo zeTriassic
Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo yokupheliswa kobuninzi kwinqanaba leplanethi, zazikhona iintlobo ezininzi ezazinakho ukuziqhelanisa neendlela ezintsha zobomi kwaye, kancinci kancinci, ngokuhamba kwexesha bakwazi ukwahluka. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, izityalo zenza amahlathi amakhulu kwaye yayiziidinosaurs ezaqala ukongamela iplanethi. Babezizilwanyana ezazilawula zonke iindawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo, zombini umhlaba, umoya nolwandle.
Siza kwenza uhlolo olufutshane malunga nokukhula kweentyatyambo kweli xesha. Ekuqaleni kweTriassic, uninzi lwezityalo lwaphela ukusukela oko iimeko zokusingqongileyo zazingafanelekanga ukuba ziphuhle kwaye zahluke ngokufanelekileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto izityalo ezazikwazi ukuzigcina emva kweli xesha lokuphela zinokwahluka ngokulula kuba inqanaba lokhuphiswano lwalusezantsi kakhulu. Izityalo ezinokugcinwa kwaye zahluka-hlukane ngobuninzi ikakhulu ezo zeqela lejimnosperms.
Ezi zityalo zaziwa njengezityalo ezingenanto. Ngaphakathi kweli qela lezityalo, iiConifers kunye neecycads ziyabonakala. Abameli be-genus gingko kunye ne-ferns nabo babalulekile. IConifers imele iqela lezityalo ezinamahlathi, ezomeleleyo nezinganyangekiyo. Amagqabi aso ahlala eluhlaza kwaye ngesiqhelo amnyama. Oku kwenza ukuba amalungu abo, abesilisa nabasetyhini, xa bezala, babekho kumntu omnye.
Kwelinye icala, ii-cycads yayizizityalo ezazinesikhondo somthi esingenalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesebe. Amagqabi awo abekwe esiphelweni sesityalo kwaye ayesidiliya. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho abantu abahlukeneyo abangamadoda nabasetyhini. I-Gingko yayintabalala ngeli xesha kwaye ziintlobo ze-Gingko biloba kuphela eziphila namhlanje. Okokugqibela, iiferns yayizizityalo ezinemithambo esele zingamalungu eqela leepteridophytes kwaye ezine-phloem kunye ne-xylem.
Ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana zeTriassic
Ezona zilwanyana zimele eli xesha zazenziwe ngamaqela amabini: izirhubuluzi kunye needinosaurs. Yizilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezazikwazi ukufikelela kuphuhliso olukhulu kwinqanaba lendalo yasemanzini. Ezinye iintlobo zezirhubuluzi nazo zaphuhliswa kwiindawo zolwandle kwaye zakwazi ukulawula uninzi lolwandle.
Ngokubhekisele kumoya, ezinye izirhubuluzi zaqala ukubonwa ezinolungelelwaniso oluthile kwimeko yangoku yendalo kwaye zakwazi ukubhabha. Ukwenza oku, babefuna utshintsho olwahlukileyo lwe-anatomiki ukulungiselela iingalo kunye namalungu omzimba ukuba abaleke.
Siza kuphuhlisa ngendlela enzulu zonke izilwanyana zeTriassic.
Izilwanyana zomhlaba zetriassrious
Ngaphakathi kwezi nkqubo zendalo, amaqela aliqela ezilwanyana aneempawu ezizodwa aphuhlisiweyo: izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye needinosaurs.
Izirhubuluzi zaseMammalia
Eli qela laziwa ngegama le-therapsids. Kwizinto ezibonakalayo sinokubona ezi zilwanyana zingumxube phakathi kwenja kunye necilishe. Imilenze yabo yayide kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nomzimba wonke kodwa yayinemisila emifutshane kakhulu. Amazinyo ayeneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemilo ngokuxhomekeke kukutya kohlobo ngalunye. Xa ukutya ubukhulu becala yayilirhamba, siyabona ukuba amazinyo ayephuhliswa ikakhulu kukuziphatha. Imihlathi iyasebenza ngakumbi ukuze ikwazi ukutyumza izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukutya bekukutya ngokupheleleyo, ubungabona uphuculo olungcono lweendlela kunye nezinyo lasesilarha.
Iidinosaurs ezi-Triassic
Iidinosaurs kucingelwa ukuba ziye zavela ngalo lonke eli xesha. Phakathi kweedinosaurs ezimele kakhulu sibona iiprosauropods kunye neepropods. Siza kubahlalutya ngokweenkcukacha.
Iiprosauropods
Babezilwanyana ezinomthamo omkhulu kwaye zinentamo enobude obukhulu. Ubude abukho bukhulu njengee-herbivores ezihlala ngexesha leJurassic. Amaphiko akhe angaphambili ayengaphuhlanga kangako kunangasemva kwakhe. Kwiiprosauropods kukho izahlulo ezithile ngokweendidi. Ezona zaziphambili yayiyiMussaurus kunye neSellosaurus.
Iimpawu
Babengamanye amaqela edinosaurs awayemi kweli nqanaba. Yayiliqela leedinosaurs ezidla inyama. Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili sifumana i-pipette gait kunye ne-forelimbs ezingaphuhliswanga kakhulu. Ubungakanani bezi ntlobo zahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubume bendalo apho ziya kufumaneka khona. Njengoko uguquko lwezilwanyana lwandulela ukupheliswa kobuninzi, uhlengahlengiso lwemfuza lwalusenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba imeko-bume yayitshintsha kakhulu ngalo maxesha kwaye neentyatyambo zazinako ukukhula.
Ezinye iintlobo zeepropods Khange bagqithe kwimitha ngelixa abanye bebenakho ukufikelela kwi-12 yeemitha. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zaziwa ngokuba yiTawa kunye ne-Euroraptor.
Izilwanyana zasemanzini ze-Triassic
Kwimeko yasemanzini, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo zikhule ikakhulu. Bamele imollusk phakathi kwazo i-gastropods, bivalves kunye neepepalopods. Ezinye iikorale nazo zavela kulwandle.
Izirhubuluzi zasemanzini zazinophuhliso ngeli xesha. I-Notosaurus inayo kwaye ichthyosaurs ibonakala. Ngokubhekisele kwizirhubuluzi zasemoyeni bekukho neqela lezirhubuluzi ezikhule kakuhle kakhulu ngokubhekisele kwezinye. Kwaye babenakho ukuvelisa uhlobo lweembrane ezandisiweyo zisuka esiqwini salo ziye kwiincam zazo eziphezulu. La malungu amenza ukuba akwazi ukubhabha. Kweli qela kukho ii-Pterosaurs ezazine-oviparous kwaye zinomlomo omde. Ukutya kwabo kwakutya kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zeTriassic.