Iqela lamachiza kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, i-Irvine lifumene into enomdla ebonisa intsebenziswano entsha phakathi kokukhanya kunye nomcimbi owawungaziwa kude kube ngoku. Ababhali bacetyisa ukuba oku kufunyaniswe kunamandla okuphucula iinkqubo zamandla elanga, ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya, i-lasemiconductor lasers kunye nezinye intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ukufunyaniswa kweenzululwazi malunga ne- ipropati entsha yokukhanya.
Ipropati entsha yokukhanya
Abaphandi, ngokusebenzisana noogxa babo kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan Federal eRussia, bachazwe kupapasho lwakutsha nje kwijenali ACS Nano ukuba bafumanisa njani ukuba iifotoni, xa zivalelwe ngaphakathi kweendawo zesikali se-nanometer kwisilicon, Banokufumana umfutho obalulekileyo onokuthelekiswa nowo we-electron kwizinto eziqinileyo.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo evela kwisifundo, "i-silicon, eyona nto yesibini ixhaphake kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu kwaye isebenza njengesiseko sezixhobo ze-elektroniki zangoku, iye yajamelana nemiqobo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwi-optoelectronics ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezimbi." UDmitry Fishman, unjingalwazi onxulumene nekhemistri e-Irvine, ngumbhali ophezulu.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakhe, i-silicon, kwimo yayo enkulu, Ayinaso isakhono sendalo sokukhupha ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, xa ibonakaliswe kwimitha ebonakalayo, i-porous, nanostructured silicon inamandla okuvelisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Le nto iye yaqatshelwa zizazinzulu iminyaka emininzi, nangona owona mthombo wokukhanya uhlala uyinto ephikisanayo.
UFishman wachaza ukuba ukufunyanwa kobuvulindlela kuka-Arthur Compton ngo-1923 kwatyhila ukuba iifotoni ze-gamma zinesantya esaneleyo sokubandakanyeka kunxibelelwano olubalulekileyo nee-electron, nokuba zikhululekile okanye zibotshelelwe. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kusisiseko kunikeze ubungqina bobume obubini bokukhanya, okubandakanya zombini amaza kunye neempawu zamasuntswana. Ndiyabulela kuloo nto, UCompton wafumana ibhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngowe-1927..
Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zethu eziqhutywe, zibonise ukuba ukuguqulwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo ngaphakathi kwe-nanoscale silicon crystals kubangela ukusebenzisana kwe-optical ngaphakathi kwe-semiconductors efaniswayo.
Ukuqonda ukuqala konxibelelwano, kuyimfuneko ukubuyela emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngeli xesha, u-CV Raman, ingcali yefiziksi eyaziwayo yaseIndiya eyathi kamva yafumana ibhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngo-1930, yazama ukuphindaphinda ilinge likaCompton esebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, wajongana nomqobo omkhulu: umahluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwesantya se-electron kunye neefotoni ezibonakalayo.
Ngaphandle kokujongana nokusilela, izifundo zikaRaman malunga nokusasazwa kwe-inelastic kulwelo kunye neegesi zibangele ukufunyanwa kwempembelelo ye-vibrational Raman, eyathi. ngoku yaziwa ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yoko, i-spectroscopy, ubuchule obubalulekileyo bokufunda into ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiRaman scattering.
Ukusasazwa kwe-electron yeRaman
Umbhali-mbhali u-Eric Potma, okwangunjingalwazi wekhemistri e-Irvine, wachaza ukuba ukutyhilwa kwe-photonic momentum kwi-silicon ephazamisekileyo kunokunxulunyaniswa nohlobo lwe-electronic Raman scattering. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo neRaman yemveli yokungcangcazela, I-Electron Raman iquka iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuqala kunye nesiphelo se-electron, into eyayibonwa ngaphambili kuphela kwizinto zetsimbi.
Kwilabhoratri yabo, abaphandi benza iisampulu zeglasi ye-silicon ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okucaca, ukusuka kwi-amorphous ukuya kwi-crystalline. Ukwenza iimvavanyo zabo, basebenzise ifilimu yesilicon engqindilili ye-nanometer engama-300 kwaye balathisa ngokuthe ngqo umqa we-laser oqhubekayo oqhubekayo, abathi bahamba ngentshukumo yokuskena ukuze babhale ulandelelwano lwemigca ethe tye.
Xa ungenisa imimandla ethile kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-500 degrees Celsius, i-uniform cross-linked glass material yaveliswa yile nkqubo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa amaqondo obushushu edlula i-500 C, iglasi ye-semiconductor eyahlukileyo yenziwa. Le filimu "ye-foam ekhanyayo" ivumela izazinzulu ukuba zihlolisise ngokucokisekileyo ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwi-electronic, optical and thermal features kwi-nanoscale.
Ngokutsho kukaFishman, lo msebenzi ubonisa umngeni ekuqondeni kwethu kwangoku malunga nendlela ukukhanya kunye nomcimbi odibana ngayo, ukugxininisa indima ebalulekileyo eyenziwa yi-photonic momentum kwinkqubo.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwee-electron kunye neefotoni kuqiniswa kwiinkqubo ze-chaotic ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwemizuzu yazo, into eyayicingelwa ngaphambili ukuba yenzeke kuphela ngeefoton ze-gamma zamandla aphezulu kwi-classical Compton scattering. Oku kufunyaniswayo okusisiseko kuvula amathuba amatsha okwandisa ukufikelela kwi-optical spectroscopy eqhelekileyo. Idlulela ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa kwayo kwesiqhelo kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, njenge-vibrational ye-Raman spectroscopy esetyenziswa kwizifundo zolwakhiwo. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqwalasela amandla eefoton xa kuphononongwa inkcazelo eziyiphetheyo.
ukukhanya okuprintiweyo
Xa umbane ubetha kumphezulu ongenagoso, imbonakalo yecrescent engaqondakaliyo isala ngasemva. Oku kuqwalaselwe kwakhokelela ekubeni izazinzulu ziqonde ukuba iiphoton ezikwindawo engaphambili kwikholamu yokukhanya emile okwe-spiral zibonisa ukujikeleza. umbindi wayo ucotha kakhulu kuneefotoni ezibekwe ngasemva komqadi. Oku kufunyenweyo kubonelela ngokufanelekileyo ingcaciso ebambekayo yale nto ithile.
Iqela lezazinzulu eziphuma kumaziko awohlukeneyo eSpeyin naseUnited States lenze isityhilelo esichulumancisayo. Bachonge uphawu olungaziwayo lokukhanya, abalubize ngokuba "i-autocouple." Le propati inokuthelekiswa ne-spiral emide okanye i-helix, ekhumbuza intwasahlobo. Iziphumo, ezipapashwe kwiphephancwadi iSayensi phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Isizukulwana semitha ye-ultraviolet ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nexesha eliguqukayo le-orbital angular," inamandla okwenza indlela yokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zakwazi ukwenza oku kufunyenwe ngokusekelwe kwiimvavanyo zangaphambili. Le mifuniselo ibandakanya ukwalathisa imiqadi yelaser emibini ngaxeshanye kwilifu lerhasi yeargon. Ngokwenza oku, imisebe yokukhanya yaphoqeleka ukuba idibanise kwaye yenze i-beam edibeneyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni izazinzulu ziqonde ukuba ukukhanya kunokusebenzisa inani elibonakalayo loxinzelelo kwizinto ezikhanyisiweyo. Lo mgaqo ungowokuhambisa iseyile yelanga esithubeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nepropati entsha yokukhanya efunyenwe zizazinzulu.