Isibonakude sesithuba seHubble

Isibonakude sesithuba seHubble

Ekukhangeleni ulwazi malunga nendawo engaphandle kunye ISistema Solar, Iteleskopu yesithuba esihamba ndawonye. Sisixhobo esikwaziyo ukufumana imifanekiso esemgangathweni kumanqanaba aphezulu ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo umda wokuba kwimiphetho engaphandle yomaleko wokugqibela womoya. Igama layo libangelwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi esidumileyo saseMelika UEdwin hubble, Oncede kakhulu ulwazi loMhlaba.

Kule nqaku, siza kuchaza indlela iHubble Space Telescope esebenza ngayo kunye nezinto ezifumanisileyo kwinto eyasekwayo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo?

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zeteleskopu

Le teleskopu ikwiincam zangaphandle zomoya. Ukuhamba kwayo kuku-593 km ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Kuthatha kuphela malunga nemizuzu engama-97 ukuhamba kwindlela yokujikeleza komhlaba. Yabekwa kwi-orbit okokuqala ngqa ngo-Epreli 24, 1990 ukuze ufumane iifoto ezingcono ezinesisombululo esiphezulu.

Phakathi kobukhulu bayo sifumana enobunzima obumalunga ne-11.000 kilos kunye nohlobo lwesilinda enobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-4,2 kwaye inobude obuyi-13,2 m. Njengoko ubona, iyiteleskopu enkulu ngobukhulu, ukanti iyakwazi ukudada emoyeni ngokungabikho komxhuzulane.

IHubble Space Telescope iyakwazi ukubonakalisa ukukhanya okufikelela kuyo ngenxa yezibuko zayo ezimbini. Izipili zikwangaphezulu. Inye yazo ilinganisa i-2,4 yeemitha ububanzi. Kukulungele ukuphononongwa kwesibhakabhaka kuba iqulethe iikhamera ezintathu ezihlanganisiweyo kunye neesmeter ezininzi. Iikhamera zahlulwe zayimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Enye isetyenziselwa ukuthatha iifoto zezona ndawo zincinci kwisithuba esisekwe kuso ngenxa yokuqaqamba kwayo mgama. Le yindlela abazama ngayo ukufumana amanqaku amatsha esithubeni kunye nokuseka ngcono imephu epheleleyo.

Enye ikhamera isetyenziselwa ukufota iiplanethi kunye nokufumana ulwazi ngakumbi ngazo. Le yokugqibela isetyenziselwa ukukhangela imitha kwaye uyayifota ebumnyameni kuba isebenza ngemitha ye-infrared. Ngombulelo kumandla ahlaziyekayo ukuba le teleskopu inokusebenza ixesha elide.

Izibonelelo zeHubble Space Telescope

Ukungqubana phakathi kweminyele emibini

Ukungqubana phakathi kweminyele emibini

Inamacala amabini elanga asetyenziselwa ukwenza umbane kunye nokugcwalisa kwakhona iikhamera kunye nezinye iinjini ezisetyenziselwa ukuqondisa iteleskopu xa kukho imfuneko yokufota into ethile. Izixhobo zefriji ziyafuneka ukugcina ikhamera ye-infrared kunye ne-spectrometer isebenza. La maqela mabini kufuneka abe -180 ° C.

Ukusukela oko yasungulwa iteleskopu, oosomajukujuku abaninzi kuye kwafuneka baye kuyo ukulungisa izinto ezithile kunye nokufaka izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ukunceda ukuphucula ukuqokelelwa kolwazi. Itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ukukhula kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuphucula iteleskopu ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke ngokudala entsha.

Nangona ibekwe kwindawo ephezulu, kusekho ukungqubana nomoya obangela oko iteleskopu iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ifumana isantya. Oku kunxiba kubangela ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha oosomajukujuku bayokulungisa okanye baphucule into, bayityhalela kumjikelo ophezulu ukuze inciphiso incitshiswe.

Uncedo lokuba neteleskopu kolu ukuphakama kukuba abachaphazeleka zizimo zezulu ezinje ngobukho bamafu, ungcoliseko lokukhanya okanye inkungu. Ngokuba neteleskopu engaphaya kwamanqanaba asezantsi eatmosferi, ubuninzi beevelength ezinde zinokufakwa kwaye umgangatho wemifanekiso uphuculwe xa kuthelekiswa neeteleskopu ezisemhlabeni.

Ukuvela kweHubble Space Telescope

Ifoto yamawaka eminyele

Ifoto yamawaka eminyele

Ukususela ekuqaleni kokudalwa kwayo, kwenziwa iinzame zokubuyisela iteleskopu eMhlabeni kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ukwenza ulondolozo oluyimfuneko kunye nokuyiphucula. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokuyibuyisela eMhlabeni kwaye kufuneka uyiqalise kwakhona yabonwa. Ngesi sizathu, kwathathwa isigqibo sokuba kuthunyelwe imishini yolondolozo rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu ukuze kwenziwe ulondolozo kwaye luphuculwe njengoko kuphakanyiswa izimvo kwaye netekhnoloji iyaphucuka.

Ekuqaleni kokumiliselwa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba inempazamo kulwakhiwo lwayo kwaye kulapho kwavela isidingo sokwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa yokuqala. Kwakubalulekile ukwenza ukulungiswa okuyimfuneko ukuze ii-optics zikwazi ukuthatha iifoto ezingcono. TEmva kwesondlo sayo sokuqala, impazamo yalungiswa kwaye yalungiswa ngeziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ukufunda kwiimpazamo, inkqubo efakiweyo yokunceda ukulungisa ukukhanya kwe-telescope, kuba ililitye lembombo lokusebenza kwayo. Siyabulela oku, imifanekiso enomgangatho omangalisayo inokufumaneka ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga noMhlaba. Umzekelo, uye wakwazi ukuthatha iifoto ukungqubana kwe-comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 kunye neplanethi yeJupiter ngo-1994 kwaye ubonise ubungqina bobukho bezinye iiplanethi ezijikeleza ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezifana neLanga lethu.

Ithiyori ekhoyo malunga nokwandiswa kwe-Universe igqityiwe kwaye yaphuculwa enkosi kulwazi olufunyenwe nguHubble. Ukongeza, inyani yokuba yonke iminyele inomngxunya omnyama embindini wayo iqinisekisiwe.

Inkqubela phambili

Ukuyilwa kweNdalo iphela

Siyabulela isikhundla sayo, iifoto ezininzi zeeplanethi ngokucacileyo okuhle zifunyenwe ngokweenkcukacha. Ngale teleskopu, ubukho bemingxunya emnyama buqinisekisiwe kunye nemibono malunga nobukho be Ithiyori enkulu yeBang kunye nokuzalwa kweNdalo. Kutyhilwe ubukho beminyele emininzi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezithe zafihlwa nzulu kwindalo iphela.

Ngo-1995, iteleskopu yakwazi ukuthatha umfanekiso wommandla olingana nesinye kwishumi elinambini lezigidi zeNdalo iphela apho kungabonwa iminyele engamawaka aliqela. Emva kwexesha, kwi-1998, kwathathwa enye ifoto apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bokuba Ubume bendalo iphela buzimele kwicala abajongi kulo abajonga ngalo.

Njengoko ubona, iHubble Space Telescope incede kakhulu ekufumaneni uMhlaba.


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