Ngokuqinisekileyo amaxesha amaninzi uye wabona ukuba xa kukho uqhwithela into yokuqala ekhoyo kukho ukukhanya okuwumbane kwaye emva koko isandi sifike. Oku kungenxa ye- Isantya sesandi. Izazinzulu zifumene esona santya siphezulu sinokudluliselwa sisandi emoyeni. Kwifiziksi oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nesantya sesandi kunye nendlela esisasazeka ngayo.
Isantya sesandi
Isantya sokusasazeka kweliza elixhomekeke kwisandi lixhomekeke kwiimpawu zendlela esasazwa ngayo, hayi kwiimpawu zamaza okanye amandla awuvelisayo. Esi santya sokwanda kwamaza esandi sikwabizwa ngokuba sisantya sesandi. iqondo lobushushu ngama-20ºC, nto leyo engama-343 eemitha ngomzuzwana.
Isantya sesandi siyahluka ngokwendlela yokusasaza kunye nendlela esasazeka ngayo phakathi inceda ukuqonda ngcono iimpawu ezithile zendlela yokuhambisa. Xa iqondo lobushushu lendlela yokusasaza itshintsha, isantya sesandi siya kutshintsha. Kungenxa yokuba ukwanda kweqondo lobushushu kukhokelela ekwandeni kokuphindaphindeka konxibelelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana athwala ukungcangcazela, eguqula ukwanda kwesantya samaza.
Ngokubanzi, isantya sesandi kwizinto eziqinileyo siphezulu kunamanzi kwaye isantya sesandi kulwelo siphezulu kuneegesi. Kungenxa yokuba umba oqinileyo ngakumbi, inqanaba lokudibana kweebhombu zeatom, elithanda ukusasazeka kwamaza esandi.
Isantya sokusasazwa kwesandi sixhomekeke ikakhulu kwi-elasticity yesixhobo esisasazayo. I-Elasticity ibhekisa ekukwazini ukubuyisela ubume bayo bokuqala.
Yintoni evakalayo
Isandi sisandi soxinzelelo olunokusasaza ngomoya ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Isandi esisibonayo singqonge amandla aveliswa ziintshukumo ezisasazeka emoyeni okanye nakweyiphi na enye indlela, enokufunyanwa kwaye ive xa ifikelela kwindlebe yomntu. Siyazi ukuba isandi sihamba ngendlela yamaza.
Amaza aphazamisa ukungqubana kwindawo ephakathi, ehambisa amandla ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle konxibelelwano ngqo phakathi kwala manqaku mabini. Singatsho ukuba umtshangatshangiso uveliswa kukungcangcazela kwamasuntswana aphakathi, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokusasaza ehambelana nokuhamba okude (kwicala lokusasaza) leemolekyuli zomoya. Ummandla kunye nokufuduka okukhulu kubonakala kwindawo apho i-amplitude yokutshintsha koxinzelelo i-zero kunye ne-vice versa.
Isandi kwisithethi
Umoya kumbhobho onesithethi kwelinye icala kwaye uvale kwelinye icala uyangcangcazela ngohlobo lwamaza. Static ubude obude. Iindlela ezizezakho zokungcangcazela kweetyhubhu ezinezi mpawu. Iyahambelana ne-sine wave, ubude bayo obukude ukuba kukho inqaku le-zero amplitude. Indawo yokukhupha isiphelo kwisithethi kunye nokuphela kombhobho ovaliweyo, kuba umoya awunako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngenxa yesithethi kunye netyhubhu ityhubhu, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwezi ndawo sinolwahlulo oluphezulu koxinzelelo, i-antinode okanye isisu, somtshangatshangiso omileyo.
Isantya sesandi kwimidiya eyahlukeneyo
Isantya sesandi siyahluka ngokwendlela isandi esisasazeka ngayo. Ikwatshintsha kunye neqondo lobushushu eliphakathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kubangela ukwanda kwexesha lokusebenzisana phakathi kweengqungquthela ezithwala i-vibrations, kwaye ukwanda kulo msebenzi kwandisa isantya.
Umzekelo, kwikhephu, isandi sinokuhamba imigama emide. Oku kungenxa yokutsalwa phantsi kwekhephu, elingelilo uhlobo olufanayo. Umaleko ngamnye wekhephu unobushushu obahlukileyo. Ezona ndawo zinzulu ilanga elingenakufikelela kuzo zibanda ngaphezu komphezulu. Kule maleko ipholileyo ikufutshane emhlabeni, isantya sokusasazwa kwesandi siyacotha.
Ngokubanzi, isantya sesandi sikhulu kwizinto eziqinileyo kunakwizinto ezingamanzi kwaye sikhulu kulwelo kunakwirhasi. Kungenxa yokuba ukuphakama komanyano lwee-athomu okanye ii-molecular bond, zomelela into leyo. Isantya sesandi emoyeni (kubushushu obungama-20 ° C) ngama-343,2 m / s.
Makhe sibone isantya sesandi kwezinye imidiya:
- Emoyeni, ngo-0 ° C, isandi sihamba ngesantya se-331 m / s (kwidesika nganye yobushushu i-Celsius inyuka, isantya sesandi sonyuka nge-0,6 m / s).
- Emanzini (kwi-25 ° C) yi-1593 m / s.
- Kwizicubu yi-1540 m / s.
- Emthini yi-3700 m / s.
- Kwikhonkrithi yi-4000 m / s.
- Kwintsimbi yi-6100 m / s.
- Kwi-aluminium yi-6400 m / s.
- Kwi-cadmium yi-12400 m / s.
Isantya sokusasaza samaza oxinzelelo sibaluleke kakhulu kufundo lwento yokuvakala komqokeleli wenjini yokubuyisela kwaye ixhomekeke kwiimpawu zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiigesi, umxube owenziwe ngumphunga kwi-manifold yokuthatha okanye iigesi ezitshisiweyo kwi-exhaust manifold zixhomekeke kubuninzi kunye noxinzelelo.
Iintlobo zamaza asasazayo
Zimbini iintlobo zamaza: amaza akude kunye namaza ahambayo.
- Ixesha elide: I-Wave apho amasuntswana aphakathi ashukuma ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye kwicala elinye njengamaza. Umgangatho unokuqina, ulwelo okanye ugesi. Ke ngoko, amaza esandi ngamaza akude.
- Umtshangatshangiso ojikelezayo: I-wave apho amasuntswana asezantsi angcangcazela anyuka esihla "kwiiangile zasekunene" ukuya kwicala lokuhamba kweliza. La maza abonakala kuphela kwizinto eziqinileyo nakulwelo, hayi iigesi.
Kodwa khumbula ukuba amaza ahamba macala onke, ngoko kulula ukucinga ngawo njengoko edlula kwi-sphere.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesantya sesandi kunye neempawu zayo.