El Intlango yaseSonoran yinxalenye yepaseji enkulu yendalo eyinkqantosi kuMntla Melika osuka kumzantsi-mpuma weWashington ukuya kwiphondo laseHidalgo kumbindi wentaba yaseMexico, ukusuka kumbindi weTexas ukuya kunxweme lolwandle. I-Peninsula yaseBaja California.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nentlango yeSonoran, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Le paseji yomqwebedu ephantse ibe sisigidi seekhilomitha zeekhilomitha yohlulwe yaba ziintlango ezine ezinkulu:
- Isitya esikhulu.
- Intlango yeMojave.
- Intlango yeSonoran.
- Intlango yaseChihuahuan.
Intlango enkulu yeChihuahuan iqulathe uthotho lwemimandla ephantsi ejikeleze iGulf of California okanye uLwandle lwaseCortez. Nangona iliqumrhu elinye e-United States, xa ingena eMexico iphinda ingene kwindawo eyinkqantosi yelizwekazi, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNtlango yaseSonoran, kunye nentlango eselunxwemeni enabela kusingasiqithi weBaja California. Eyaziwa ngokuba yiNtlango yaseBaja California.
Le ntlango yaseSonora-Baja yaseCalifornia, njengoko siyichaza apha, ibandakanya 101,291 yeekhilomitha square of Baja California entlango kunye 223,009 neekhilomitha square sonoran yokwenene entlango. Lilonke, i-29 pesenti (93,665 square kilometers) yale ntlango iseUnited States, kunye ne-71 pesenti eseleyo (230,635 square kilometers) eMexico. Siqikelela ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yendawo yasentlango ihleli injalo
Xa kuthelekiswa nommandla ongqongileyo, iintaba ezikwiNtlango yaseSonoran azikho phezulu, ngokomyinge, malunga neemitha ezingama-305. Iintaba ezidumileyo ziintaba zeChocolate kunye neChaquewara eCalifornia, iintaba zeCofa kunye neHaquajara eArizona, kunye neentaba zePinacote eMexico.
Imozulu yeNtlango yaseSonoran
Lo mmandla ngowona womileyo kwaye ushushu kakhulu eMntla Melika, namaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni angaphaya kwama-38°C. Ubusika buphakathi, kwaye amaqondo obushushu kaJanuwari aphakathi kwe-10ºC kunye ne-16ºC. Uninzi lweentlango zifumana ngaphantsi kwe-250 mm yemvula ngonyaka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, phantse onke amanzi asetyenziswayo avela kwi-subsoil okanye kwimilambo eyahlukeneyo, njengeColorado, i-Gila, iTyuwa, i-Yaqui, i-Fuerte kunye ne-Sinaloa, ewela intlango ukusuka ezintabeni nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo.
Ulimo olunkcenkceshelwayo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lwengingqi, kwaye itafile yamanzi iye yehla kakhulu ukususela ngo-1960. IProjekthi yaseCentral Arizona yinkqubo enkulu yokwenza amanzi enikezela izigidi zeelitha zamanzi yonke imihla. ukusuka kuMlambo iColorado ukuya kwintlango esempuma, ngakumbi iindawo zasePhoenix naseTucson.
Flora
Kulo mmandla mkhulu, i-flora ihamba ngezigaba ezibini, ixesha elichumayo kunye nexesha elomileyo, eyona nto inzima kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezihlala kuyo. Njengazo zonke iintlango ezinkulu zaseMntla Melika, iNtlango yaseSonoran ibonakaliswe yi-cacti enkulu, uhlobo lwe-cacti oluhlala luvela kwiifilimu ze-cowboy. Le cacti inomdla iqala ngobukhulu ukusuka kubhontsi ukuya kwi-15 m, azinamagqabi, zinameva okuzikhusela kwizilwanyana ezinxaniweyo, zinesiqu esinencasa esinencasa, iingcambu zazo zenzelwe ukubambisa amanzi amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Inokufikelela kwiitoni ezili-10, kunye nesine-esihlanu okanye ngaphezulu koko ingamanzi. Basenokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-200 kwaye bakhule ngokucothayo, bekhulisa imitha rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-50.
Ngoxa intlango ililizwe elikwanti nelibonakala libharhileyo ebudeni bembalela, xa imvula yokuqala inetha, ubomi buphinda bubonakale njengeparadesi. Yonke into igcwele umbala i-cacti eqhakaza ngeblue, ebomvu, emthubi namhlophe, amasele aphuma kwiibhedi ezomileyo ukusuka emachibini ukuzala, imbewu eleleyo yedandelion edubulayo ize ivelise imbewu engakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukungafi kwayo.
Yonke into iba lihlabathi eliluhlaza nelinemibala. Imithi efana ne-palo blanco, i-palo iron, i-toote, i-palo verde, kunye ne-mesquite inezinye iinkqubo zokuziqhelanisa, ezifana nokukhula kwiindonga zemijelo kunye neenduli, ezimfutshane kunomoya ohlawulayo, kwaye banomthi oqinileyo kunye neengcambu ezinde ezinokuguga. Ugqobhoze emhlabeni de ufumane indawo yokugcina amanzi. Ngokomzekelo, umthi we<em>mesquite uphantse umiliselwe eselula, kodwa xa ufumene amanzi uyakhula.
Izilwanyana zasendle zaseSonoran
Kwelinye icala, izilwanyana ezikwintlango yaseSonoran zisebenzisa inkqubo yazo yokuphila, yaye izinambuzane ezinjengezigcawu noonomadudwane ziye zafunda ukuphila tofotofo kweli hlabathi lahlukileyo. Amanye amaqanda e-shrimp alala kumadama omileyo, kwaye xa ezalise, izilwanyana ziphila. Ingakholeleki njengoko isenokubonakala, kukho malunga 20 iintlobo zeentlanzi kwiintlango United States kunye Sonora, kwaye ngamnye kubo ufumene indlela yokuphila kwimozulu echasene nendalo yabo. Kwelinye icala, kukwakho nenani elikhulu lezirhubuluzi ezifana namacikilishe, ooxam, amacilikishe, iinyoka, amafudo neenyoka ezenza amakhaya azo entlango.
Iintaka nazo zikhona, kwaye emva kwemini e-Aguayes unokubona oongqatyana, iinkuni, amahobe, izagwityi kunye nabahambi beze kusela, kwaye ezi zimbini zokugqibela zinokubonwa zibaleka ematyholweni. Kukwakho neentaka ezitya inyama, njengongqatyana, ezitya iintaka ezincinane neempuku, njengempuku yekhangaru okanye i<em>kancito.
Ezinye izilwanyana zeNtlango yeSonoran zenziwe zizilwanyana ezincancisayo, uninzi lwazo, njengeempungutye, iimpungutye, iimpuku, imivundla kunye nemivundla, zihlala kwimingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba ekwanti ngokugqibeleleyo kwihlabathi langaphandle, kokubini kubushushu nelanga, ingqele nembalela. , baya kuqokelela ukutya kula makhusi ukuze baphile. Nangona kunjalo, ii-cougars zihlala emiqolombeni nakwiindawo zokuhlala zamatye.
Ezinye izilwanyana zasentlango njengamaxhama eegusha neemeyile ezihlala ematyeni angenakufikeleleka nasezintabeniZiindebe zokuzingela ezixatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yeempondo zazo ezintle, kungoko abazingeli besoloko bezikhangela baze bazibeke kuciko lokubhanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nentlango yeSonoran kunye neempawu zayo.