Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentaba-mlilo ehlabathini ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zazo, imvelaphi kunye nohlobo logqabhuko-dubulo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo Intaba-mlilo yaseStromboli. Luhlobo olunomdla kakhulu lwentaba-mlilo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa ezibangele ukuba ibe nomdla omkhulu kuluntu lwenzululwazi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into omele uyazi malunga ne-volcano yaseStromboli, iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye nohlobo lokuqhuma.
Intaba-mlilo yaseStromboli
I<em>Stromboli yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zinde kakhulu ezinembali yeminyaka engama-2000 yokwenzeka kwayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ibonakaliswa yinyaniso yokuba malunga nesibini kwisithathu sobude bayo bubonke buphantsi kwamanzi.
Igama lakhe yinguqulelo yesiTaliyane yegama lakhe lakudala lesiGrike elithi Στρογγυλή (Strogule), elithetha "isangqa" okanye "isangqa". Oku kungenxa yokumila kwencochoyi yayo, inxalenye yesithathu yentaba-mlilo ephuma elwandle.
Enye into enomdla ngale Colossus kukuba yabhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yiUNESCO ngo-2000, kunye nezinye iziqithi zaseAeolian, ngenxa yegalelo layo elikhulu kwinkalo yentaba-mlilo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, njengokufunyanwa kweVulcanians kunye ne-Aeolian Islands. strombolians.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iStromboli yenye yeZiqithi zeAeolian ezikuLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian eItali. Iyinxalenye yesixeko saseLipari, esiyinxalenye yeMetropolis yaseMessina. Ulungelelwaniso lwayo yi-38°47'39″N 15°13'04″E.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo esinazo:
- Uhlobo lwentaba-mlilo: stratovolcano.
- Icandelo: Ilava eqinileyo.
- Izixeko ezikufuphi: iMetropolis yaseMessina.
- Usongelo olunokubakho: Phakathi.
- Ukuphakama: iimitha ezingama-926 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, iimitha ezingama-2000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
- Ummandla: 12,19 yeekhilomitha square.
- Uqikelelo logqabhuko-dubulo lokuqala: iminyaka engama-6.050.
- Ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela olurekhodiweyo: 350 BC. C.—Inyani.
Iyingozi kangakanani intaba-mlilo yaseStromboli?
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba i-volcano ayithathwa njengesongelo esikhulu, asinakukhanyela ukuba ukungazinzi kwayo kunokubangela ingozi kubemi besiqithi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyifundela ngakumbi.
Ngembali yayo, UStromboli uye wasuba ubomi babantu abali-11 waza wonzakalisa abaninzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inani labantu abasongelwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-colossus lifikelela kubantu abangama-400, inani labantu abahlala kwi-Islam. Noko ke, xa kunokuthi gqi ugqabhuko-dubulo olunogonyamelo ngokwenene, lusenokubeka esichengeni ubomi babemi beziqithi ezingqongileyo, ezinabemi abangaphezu kwama-10.000 XNUMX.
umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
Nangona umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ubuqhubeka malunga neminyaka engama-2360, kukho iirhashalala ezimbalwa eziphuma kwisihlwele. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphambi koku, kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinane ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-8 kwenzeka phakathi kwe-6050 kunye ne-4050 BC. C kunye no-8 ngaphezulu kweli nani. Siza kuthetha ngale yokugqibela ngezantsi.
Kuphela ziintaba-mlilo ezintlanu eziye zabulala: 1919, 1930, 1986, 2001 and 2019. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwango-1919 lwakhupha amatye amakhulu awawa kufutshane neendawo ezimbini ezikufuphi, abulala abantu abane kwaza kwaqalisa itsunami. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lowe-1930 lwakhupha iitoni ezingama-30 ezongezelelekileyo ze<em>magma, eyathi ekugqibeleni yasuba ubomi babanye abantu abane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezingqonge intaba-mlilo.
Ngo-1986, enye indoda yasondela kungqameko lwalo mngxuma xa ugqabhukileyo, yaye okulusizi kukuba, iqhekeza lodaka lomlilo ngoko nangoko lambulala. Kwelo cala, iqela labakhenkethi lalityelele indawo engqonge intaba-mlilo ngo-2001, xa yagqabhuka njengangaphambili, kwaye iqhekeza lodaka labulala omnye wabo. Siza kuthetha ngokuqhuma kwe-2019 kwicandelo elilandelayo.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Stromboli kwi-2016 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
Ngo-2016, umsebenzi we-volcano unyuke kakhulu kwaye uhlala unjalo (ngaphandle kwexabiso elincinci lomsebenzi wexesha elifutshane) kuze kube namhlanje. Ngo-Oktobha 21, 2016, kwabonwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ezininzi, kodwa ayengabonisi nayiphi na ingozi ebalulekileyo kubemi basekuhlaleni.
Kwaze, ngo-2017, kwabakho ugqabhuko-dubulo olune ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu kunye nokuchitheka kwelava encinci ebonwe kumantla wehemisphere yecrater. Nakuba kunjalo, abemi besi siqithi abazange behlelwe yingozi.
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2018, i-volcano yayingasebenzi, gcina iziqhushumbisi ezimbini ezinkulu zeplanethi ezingazange zibe yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, eminye imijelo yeStromboli yagqabhuka ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-60 ngeyure. UKhuseleko loLuntu lwase-Italiya lubhengeze ukuba aluzinzanga kwaye lwaqala ukuyibeka esweni ngokusondeleyo ukukhupha abahlali kwimeko yengozi.
I-Stromboli iqale ngo-2019 isebenza kakhulu. Kukho ugqabhuko-dubulo oluninzi kunye nokuhamba kwelava ephakathi kulo lonke uJanuwari. NgoFebruwari nangoMatshi, i-volcano yanyuka kunye nomsebenzi omncinci kakhulu, kwaye uMeyi wahlala efanayo ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa.
Nangona kunjalo, nge-3 kaJulayi kulo nyaka, intaba-mlilo yadubula ngogonyamelo kwakhona, ikhupha umsi ongqindilili kwiikhilomitha ezi-3 ngaphezu kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo, ikhupha uthuthu, amatye kunye ne-lava. Esi siganeko sibangele ukufa kunye nokwenzakala omnye. Emva kwesi siganeko, ezinye iziqhushumbisi ezincinci ezingama-20 zarekhodwa ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iingxaki, kwaye imeko yokungasebenzi kancinci yabuyiselwa emva koko.
Ukutshona kwelanga
Imagma eshushu ibonakala ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka phezulu kwintaba-mlilo. Nyuka kwi-volcanic cone yaseStromboli emva kwemini, usuka kwi-Ofisi ye-Pro Loco Tourist e-Ficogrande, ufike kwi-caldera (i-200m ngaphantsi kwe-summit) ekutshoneni kwelanga kwaye ubukele umboniso wamadangatye ebusuku phakathi kweentloko. Indlela yeeyure ezine okanye ezintandathu ayibafanelanga abantu abanxibe iimbadada, ngakumbi ukolulwa kokugqibela kwentaba-mlilo ecolekileyo ikwenza ukuba uthathe amanyathelo amabini umva ngamanyathelo amabini ukuya phambili.
Iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, amanzi amaninzi, ukutya kunye neengxowa zokulala zibalulekile kuhambo olunomdla oluya kwintaba-mlilo. Noko ke, ugqabhuko-dubulo olwenzeka kubakhenkethi ngentaba-mlilo lufanele nawuphi na umgudu. Ukunyuka kuphelela kwi-364 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. I-crater, ifaneli enkulu, iphuma rhoqo ifumaroles, apho kuphuma umphunga wesulfure phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200ºC. Kukhuselekile ukutyelela, nangona kukho izilumkiso zemihla ngemihla kunye nezilumkiso minyaka yonke, akukhuthazwa ukuba uhlale kude nokhenketho olukhokelwayo okanye uzame ukuhla i-volcano uwedwa okanye ebusuku.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba-mlilo yaseStromboli kunye neempawu zayo.