La Sirius star Yaziwa njengeyona iqaqambileyo kwisibhakabhaka sonke sasebusuku. Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamagama kaSirius okanye uAlpha Canis Majoris. Yinkanyezi entle emhlophe yobukhulu -1,46, ebekwe malunga ne-8,6 yeminyaka yokukhanya. Inkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1,5 kwaye iqaqambe ngokuphindwe kayi-22 kune-Langa, ineqabane elincinane, i-white dwarf, elijikeleza rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-50, kodwa ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama kuba inokukhanya okuku +8,4.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga inkwenkwezi uSirius, iimpawu zayo, imbali ethile kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Le nkwenkwezi iyaziwa kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zamandulo kwaye yeyona nkwenkwezi iphambili kwiqela leenkwenkwezi iCanis Major. Yinkwenkwezi yokubini eyenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezimbini, uSirius A kunye noSirius B.. I-Sirius A yeyona nkwenkwezi inkulu kwaye iqaqambileyo kwinkqubo, kwaye imalunga namaxesha angama-25 ngokuqaqamba ngakumbi kuneLanga kwaye inobunzima obuphindwe kabini. U-Sirius B, kwelinye icala, yinkwenkwezi emhlophe encinci kakhulu kwaye incinci kune-Sirius A. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ezi nkwenkwezi zimbini zijikelezana rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-50.
Umbala weSirius yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo anazo. Kwiliso lenyama, kubonakala ngathi yinkwenkwezi emhlophe eqaqambileyo, kodwa ukuba siqwalasela ngakumbi, siza kubona ukuba ikhupha ukukhanya kwemibala emininzi, ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kubomvu. Esi siganeko senzeka ngenxa yokuba inkwenkwezi ikhupha imitha kwiimitha zobude obubanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukukhanya kubonakale kumhlophe kodwa kube nentwana yombala.
Ngaphaya koko, uSirius yinkwenkwezi encinci kakhulu ngokweenkwenkwezi, eqikelelwa kwiminyaka eyi-230 yezigidi kuphela. Xa kuthelekiswa, eyethu iLanga imalunga ne-4.6 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka ubudala. Oku kuthetha ukuba uSirius useyinkwenkwezi kwinqanaba lokukhula, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kwixesha elizayo liya kuguqukela ekubeni yingxilimbela ebomvu kwaye emva koko ibe yincinci emhlophe.
Ikwayinkwenkwezi ekufutshane kakhulu noMhlaba, ngomgama omalunga ne-8.6 yeminyaka yokukhanya. Ngenxa yokusondela kwayo kunye nokukhanya kwayo, iSirius ibe ngumxholo wezifundo ezininzi kunye nokuqwalaselwa, okuye kwavumela izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zifunde lukhulu malunga nesakhiwo nokuziphatha kwayo.
ukufunyanwa kweSirius
Ukufunyanwa kwale nkwenkwezi kususela kumaxesha amandulo, njengoko iye yaba yenye yezona nkwenkwezi ziqaqambileyo nezibonakalayo esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku kangangeenkulungwane. AmaYiputa amandulo ayeyigqala njengenye yezona nkwenkwezi zibalulekileyo, kwaye ukubonakala kwayo esibhakabhakeni kwaphawula umzuzu xa uMlambo umNayile waqala ukuphuphuma.
Ngowe-1718, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseJamani UJohann Baptist Cysat waqala waqaphela ukuba uSirius wayeneqabane kumjikelezo wayo. Noko ke, yayisisazi ngeenkwenkwezi uWilliam Herschel ngowe-1804 owafumanisa ukuba ngokwenene uSirius wayeyinkwenkwezi.
Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwenziwa izifundo ezininzi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweSirius. Ngo-1862, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseMelika uAlvan Graham Clark waba ngowokuqala ukubona nokufota iqabane likaSirius esebenzisa iteleskopu.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, zombini inkwenkwezi ephambili kunye neqabane layo zifunyenwe zineempawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu. Inkwenkwezi ephambili, uSirius A, yinkwenkwezi yohlobo lwe-A1V ene-spectral ubunzima obuphindwe ka-2,4 kunobo beLanga kunye nobushushu obungaphezulu obumalunga ne-9.940 degrees Kelvin. Kwelinye icala, iqabane layo, uSirius B, yinkwenkwezi emhlophe enqabileyo, eyona nkwenkwezi inkulu yohlobo lwayo eyaziwayo.
Imbali ethile
Kuyo yonke imbali, uSirius udlale indima ebalulekileyo kulwazi olusisiseko lwabantu. Abemi bamandulo beNtlambo yeNayile bafumanisa unxulumano phakathi kokuphuphuma kwangethuba kweNayile kunye nokubonakala kokuqala kweSirius elundini phayaa ngaphambi nje kokusa. Enyanisweni, xa besenza iikhalenda zabo, amaYiputa afaka enye inyanga ebizwa ngokuba yiThoth xa inkwenkwezi uSirius, awayibiza ngokuba nguSotis, yavela kwinyanga yeshumi elinesibini kwikhalenda yabo eqhelekileyo. AmaGrike asebenzisa imigqaliselo yokubonakala kweSirius ukuphuhlisa iikhalenda zabo., ekusenokwenzeka ukuba iphefumlelwe kukuqwalasela loo magqabaza antlandlolo.
U-Sirius naye ungumlinganiswa wokuqala wokumisela umgama weenkwenkwezi, nangona ingachanekanga, kuba yindlela yokuqala yokulinganisa. Kubonakala ngathi isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseSkotlani uJames Gregory (1638-1675) waqulunqa indlela yokuthelekisa ukuqaqamba kweLanga nokweenkwenkwezi, esebenzisa ipropathi yokuba ukukhanya kuncipha ngokolandelelwano lwesikwere somgama ophakathi kwazo. Endaweni yokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, UGregory wasebenzisa ukukhanya kwenkwenkwezi ebonakaliswa nguSaturn. Kamva, u-Isaac Newton (1642-1727) wagqiba kwelokuba iSirius sisisigidi esiwuphinda-phinda umgama phakathi koMhlaba neLanga.Eli xabiso alichanekanga kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lisisiseko esihle kakhulu sokuqinisekisa imigama yendalo yonke eyaziwa ngelo xesha.
Ukuqwalaselwa inkwenkwezi uSirius esibhakabhakeni ebusuku
Ukukhanya kwayo yi--1,46 magnitude, yodlula kuphela ezinye iiplanethi, ezifana nenyanga nelanga. Yinkwenkwezi emhlophe ngokuphindwe kangangama-25 ngaphezu kweLanga enobushushu obungaphezu kwama-9.940 K. Yeyesihlanu kweyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane eMhlabeni. Umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni yi-8,6 yeminyaka yokukhanya.
Iyeyeqela leenkwenkwezi zeCan Mayor kwaye ibonakala ukusuka kumbindi-zibanzi kumda osemazantsi., hayi phezulu kakhulu kumphezulu. E-Spain, i-Sirius idla ngokubonakala ngexesha elininzi lobusika kunye nentwasahlobo, kunye nexesha eliphakathi kokuphela kukaJanuwari kunye nombindi ka-Matshi lelona xesha libalaseleyo lokuqwalaselwa kwayo.
Ibonakala phantse kuyo yonke iplanethi ngaphandle kwemimandla ngaphezulu kwe-73º yesibanzi somntla, ngoko ke ukusuka kwimimandla engaphantsi kwe-73º yesibanzi somzantsi, uSirius yinkwenkwezi ejikelezayo (ihlala ibonakala). Isebenza njengesalathiso sokufumana ezinye izidalwa zasezulwini ezifana namaqela avulekileyo iM41, M46, M47 kunye neM50.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenkwenkwezi uSirius kunye neempawu zayo.