Ukwahluka kweephaneli zesola kunye nokuveliswa kwazo kombane unyaka wonke kuphenjelelwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhanya kwelanga afunyenwe ngexesha ngalinye lonyaka. Ukongezelela, ubukhulu kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwepaneli yelanga kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwayo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela Indlela ukuveliswa kwamandla eepaneli zelanga kuyahluka unyaka wonke kwaye yeyiphi imiba ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo.
Indlela ukuveliswa kwamandla eepaneli zelanga kuyahluka unyaka wonke
Unyaka wonke, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokuveliswa kombane kweepaneli zelanga. Xa kuziwa kwimveliso yombane evela kwiipaneli zelanga, Zininzi izinto ezinokuphembelela ubungakanani bamandla abawenza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziintlobo zezinto:
- Ubungakanani bemitha yelanga kwindawo ethile
- Ukuqhelaniswa nophahla okanye umphezulu apho iipaneli zifakwe khona
- Ubukho bezithunzi ngamaxesha athile onyaka
- Umyinge wobushushu obufunyenwe kwindawo.
Zeziphi iimpawu ezithile zephaneli yelanga ezichaphazela isakhono sayo sokuvelisa umbane?
Xa kumiselwa umbane ophuma kwiphaneli yelanga, eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe bubuninzi bayo be-watts (Wp), obumele ubuninzi bamandla obunokuwenza.
Umlinganiselo ophezulu womenzi ubhekisa kumsinga othe ngqo ongaphazamisekiyo (DC) phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kolu vavanyo lulandelayo:
- Kukho ukungena kwe-1000 megajoules yemitha yelanga kwimitha yesikwere,
- Kukho ubushushu bomoya obungama-25ºC.
Ukubonakala kwezi meko zichanekileyo akuyona into yemihla ngemihla unyaka wonke, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ubukho besimo sezulu esingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Nangona kunjalo, ifomathi esemgangathweni ebonelelwe yi-PVGIS yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ihlala isebenza kuzo zonke iimeko.
Ukubunjwa kweepaneli zelanga kubandakanya ukudibanisa kweeseli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic. Ngokubhekiselele kwiiphaneli zelanga zokuhlala ngoku kwimarike ngo-2021, zinomlinganiselo wamandla ophakathi kwe-350 kunye ne-455 Wp (incopho yeewatts) kunye Ziqulunqwe malunga ne-66 ukuya kwi-96 yeeseli ze-photovoltaic. Ukongeza, kukho ukhetho olukhulu olunokukhupha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 watts peak.
Ngokwemvelo, umgangatho wombane owenziwe yipaneli yelanga uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nombane ochazwe ngumenzi. Ukuveliswa kombane kwiiphaneli zesola kuxhomekeke kwiinguqu zamaxesha onyaka unyaka wonke.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amaphondo Abafumani izixa ezilinganayo zemitha yelanga, kwaye kuyafana nokuguquguquka kwamaxesha onyaka kula maphondo.. Ngoko ke, kufuneka siqwalasele ukuba imveliso yayo iyahluka phakathi kwehlobo nobusika.
Kukweliphi inqanaba apho iipaneli zelanga ziqala inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla?
Ukususela ekuveleni kwemitha yelanga, iiphaneli zelanga ziqalisa ukuvelisa amandla. Noko ke, umlinganiselo wamandla oveliswayo uyaguquguquka imini yonke uze ufikelele incopho yayo emini emaqanda, xa ilanga lifikelela encotsheni yalo. Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amandla ayaveliswa kusasa nasemva kwemini, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba Imitha yelanga iyahluka ngokwendawo yelanga esibhakabhakeni, echaphazela ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yethu ye-photovoltaic.
Xa uqwalasela ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic, enye yeentandabuzo zokuqala ezivela kubungakanani belanga elifunyanwa yiSpeyin. Ngethamsanqa, iSpain inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokukhanya kwelanga nyaka ngamnye, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Ngokwe-avareji, ilizwe lethu lifumana uluhlu lweeyure ezingama-2200 ukuya kuma-3000 zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka, kuxhomekeke kukuzimela geqe koluntu ngalunye. Oku kuqinisekisa unikezelo olwaneleyo lwemitha yelanga, ukuqinisa amandla elanga njengotyalo-mali olunengeniso noluthembekileyo.
ESpain, iiyure eziphezulu zemitha yelanga zihlala zingqamana nasemini emaqanda nasemva kwemini. Ukuphonononga imimandla yaseAndalusia naseMurcia, ekummandla osemazantsi welizwe, ubani unokubona iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi meko zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka.
Ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso yelanga ngenyanga eSpain ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Imveliso yelanga ifumana ukuhla ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi, kulandele ulwando olwalandelayo ukususela ngoAprili ukusa kuJuni.
- Ngeenyanga zikaJulayi no-Agasti, imveliso yelanga ifikelela kwincopho yayo, ukubonelela ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu. Njengoko ikhalenda isiya kuSeptemba kwaye iqhubeka ngoDisemba, kukho ukuhla kancinci kwimveliso yelanga, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo wamandla avelisiweyo.
Ngaphandle kokuguquguquka, iiphaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic zinokubonelela ngomsebenzi omkhulu kunyaka wonke kwilizwe lethu. Nangona kunjalo, ubude beeyure zasemini budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ingeniso.
Imveliso yamandla evela kwiipaneli zelanga ngokuxhomekeke kwi-orientation
Ukuqhelaniswa nako kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zisemazantsi nasempuma-ntshona. Apha sichaza zombini iimeko ngokweenkcukacha.
- on: Ngokubanzi, umzantsi ngowona uxhaphakileyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulungelelanisa iipaneli kule ndlela yokwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga eSpain. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iiphaneli zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu imini yonke.
- Impuma-ntshona: Ukuba awukwazi ukubeka iipaneli ezijonge emazantsi, impuma-ntshona inokukhetha okulungileyo. Iiphaneli ezijonge empuma zithatha ukukhanya kwasekuseni, ngelixa iipaneli ezijonge ngasentshona zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwemini.
Nangona ezi zikhokelo, ukuqhelaniswa kakuhle kweepaneli zelanga kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba wenze uphononongo lobuqu ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufakela ikhaya lakho, uqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ukusebenza okuphezulu kufakelo lwakho lwefotovoltaic.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela ukuveliswa kwamandla eepaneli zelanga kwahluka ngayo unyaka wonke.