Kwiplanethi yethu kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemozulu ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho sifumana khona iimpawu zazo. Inkqubo ye- Imozulu zehlabathi Banokwahlulwahlulwa ngokobushushu babo, utyani kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezixhaphakileyo. Kukho izinto ezithile ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kolu hlulo, ke nganye nganye kufuneka ifundwe nzulu.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ukuba zeziphi na iimeko zemozulu eziphambili emhlabeni kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zazo.
Imozulu zehlabathi
Imozulu inokuchazwa njengeseti yamazwe aguqukayo ahlala engaguquki ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ewe awuyi kufumana nantoni na kwesi sivakalisi. Siza kuyichaza ngcono kubunzulu. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zemozulu zezi ubushushu, imvula (nokuba yimvula okanye ikhephu), iimeko zesaqhwithi, umoya, uxinzelelo lomoyanjl. Ewe, iseti yazo zonke ezi zinto zixabisekileyo inexabiso kuwo wonke unyaka wekhalenda.
Onke amaxabiso ezinto eziguquguqukayo zemozulu ayarekhodwa kwaye anokucazululwa kuba zihlala zisondele kumda omnye. Umzekelo, eAndalusia akukho bushushu oburekhodiweyo ngezantsi -30 degrees. Kungenxa yokuba amaxabiso obushushu awahambelani nemozulu yeMeditera. Nje ukuba yonke idatha iqokelelwe, imozulu yahlulwe yayimimandla ngokusekwe kula maxabiso. Ipali esemantla ibonakaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu abandayo, imimoya enamandla, imvula enje ngekhephunjl. Ezi mpawu zibenza babizwe ngokuba yimozulu esemajukujukwini.
Ulwahlulo lwemozulu zehlabathi
Imozulu yoMhlaba ayinakubekwa kuphela ngokweemeko zemozulu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, kodwa ezinye izinto ziyabandakanyeka, ezinje ukuphakama nobude okanye umgama wendawo ngokunxulumene nolwandle. Kolu luhlu lulandelayo, siya kuziqonda ngokubanzi iintlobo zezulu ezikhoyo kunye neempawu zemozulu nganye. Kwakhona, kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-macroclimate, kukho ezinye iicandelwana ezineenkcukacha ezisebenza kwiindawo ezincinci.
Imozulu ezishushu
Ezi zimo zezulu zibonakaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iqondo lobushushu lonyaka eliqhelekileyo lijikeleze iidigri ezingama-20 kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaxesha onyaka. Ziindawo zamathafa kunye namahlathi, ezinomswakama ophezulu kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, zinetha kakhulu. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemozulu eshushu. Siza kuhlalutya ukuba ziyintoni:
- Imozulu yeikhweyitha. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, yimozulu enabela kumacala omabini eikhweyitha. Imvula ixhaphakile unyaka wonke, ukufuma kuphezulu, kwaye imozulu ihlala ishushu. Zisasazwe kwingingqi yeAmazon, kumbindi weAfrika, eIndonesia, eMadagascar nakwiPeninsula yaseYucatan.
- Imozulu yeTropiki. Iyafana nemozulu yangaphambili, ngaphandle kokuba inwenwela kwimimandla yetropiki yeCancer neCapricorn. Umahluko kuphela kukuba imvula apha yanele kuphela ehlotyeni. Inokufumaneka kwiCaribbean, eVenezuela, eColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, kwezinye iindawo zoMzantsi Merika, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, kwinxalenye ye-Australia, iPolynesia neBolivia.
- Isimo sezulu esomileyo. Imozulu inoluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula iyahluka unyaka wonke. Ingabonakala kumazantsi-ntshona eMntla Melika, emazantsi-ntshona eAfrika, iinxalenye zoMzantsi Merika, kumbindi weOstreliya, nakuMbindi Mpuma.
- Intlango kunye nenkqantosi yentlango. Le mozulu ibonakaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu unyaka wonke, kwaye umahluko kubushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku ubonakala kakhulu. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho ukufuma, utyani nezilwanyana zinqabile kwaye kunjalo nangemvula. Zisasazwe kwi-Asia eseMbindi, eMongolia, eMidwest yeNtla Merika nakuMbindi Afrika.
Imozulu eziphakathi
Babonakala ngamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-15. Kwezi mozulu, siyabona ukuba amaxesha onyaka ohluka kakhulu. Sifumanisa ukuba isasazekile phakathi kobubanzi obuphakathi kwi-30 ukuya kwi-70 degrees ukusuka kubude. Sinee-subtypes ezilandelayo.
- Imozulu yeMeditera. Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili, sifumanisa ukuba ihlobo lomile kakhulu kwaye linelanga, ngelixa ubusika buyanetha. Singayifumana kwiMeditera, eCalifornia, emazantsi oMzantsi Afrika nakumazantsi-ntshona e-Australia.
- Imozulu yamaTshayina. Le mozulu ineenkanyamba kwaye ubusika bubanda kakhulu.
- Imozulu yase-Oceanic. Luhlobo olufumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo eziselunxwemeni. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kuhlala kukho amafu amaninzi kunye nemvula, nangona engenawo amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ebusika okanye ehlotyeni. Ime kunxweme lePasifiki, eNew Zealand, kunye neenxalenye zeChile neArgentina.
- Imozulu yelizwekazi. Le yimozulu yangaphakathi. Zivela kwiindawo ezingenalo unxweme. Ngesi sizathu, baya kushushu bapholise phantsi kwangoko kuba akukho lwandle lilawula ubushushu. Le mozulu isasazwa ikakhulu kwi-Yurophu ekuMbindi nase China, United States, Alaska nase Canada.
Imozulu ezibandayo
Kule meko yemozulu, iqondo lobushushu alidluli kwi-10 degrees celcius, kwaye kuya kubakho imvula eninzi ngohlobo lomkhenkce nekhephu.
- Isimo sezulu sePolar. Le yimozulu ekhoyo kwizibonda zomhlaba. Iphawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu unyaka wonke, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umhlaba umile okomkhenkce ngokusisigxina, akukho luhlaza.
- Imozulu yeAlpine. Ikho kuzo zonke iindawo eziphakamileyo zeentaba, kwaye ibonakaliswa yimvula eninzi kunye namaqondo obushushu ehla ngobude.
Ukubaluleka kokufuma
Ukufuma yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni amandla endalo ukuze isingathe iyantlukwano ngokwemozulu. Kwimozulu eyomileyo Imvula yonyaka ingaphantsi kokuvela komphunga ngonyaka. Yimozulu yemimandla enengca neentlango.
Ukuchonga ukuba imeko yemozulu yomile, sifumana umqobo kwimvula mm. Ukubala umyinge, siphinda-phinda ubushushu obuthethwa ngonyaka ngama-20, kwaye ke sidibanise ukuba ama-70% okanye nangaphezulu kwemvula iwela kwisemester apho ilanga liyi-280. Elona liphezulu (ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba kumantla e-hemisphere, ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMatshi ngo (i-hemisphere esemazantsi), okanye amaxesha e-140 (ukuba imvula ngelo xesha iphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-70% yemvula iyonke), okanye amaxesha angama-0 (ukuba ixesha liphakathi kwama-30% nama-70%) Imvula ingaphantsi kwama-30% kwimvula iyonke.
Njengoko ubona, zininzi iimeko zezulu ezikhoyo. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngemozulu ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, zithini iimpawu zazo kunye nokuhlelwa.