El Imozulu epholileyo yoMntla weHemisphere isuka kwiArctic Circle ukuya kwiTropic yoMhlaza. Kumazantsi eIkhweyitha, imozulu epholileyo isuka kwiAntarctic Circle ukuya kwiTropic of Cancer. Le mimandla inamaxesha onyaka amane onyaka, kuxhomekeke kububanzi bayo. Amaqondo obushushu athanda ukuhluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwisibanzi sakho, kwaye imvula nayo imiselwa kakhulu lixesha lonyaka.
Siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nemozulu epholileyo, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Imozulu epholileyo luhlobo lwemozulu enomlinganiselo ophakathi wenyanga wobushushu, iqondo lobushushu kwi eyona nyanga ishushu ingaphezulu kwe 10℃ kwaye iqondo lobushushu kwinyanga ebandayo lingaphezulu kwe -3℃. Umyinge wemvula ngonyaka uphakathi kwama-600 mm kunye nama-2000 mm.
Ummandla wemozulu epholileyo uhlala uphakathi kwemozulu ephantsi kwemozulu epholileyo kunye nemozulu epholileyo, oko kukuthi, ummandla ophakathi kwe-45º kunye ne-60º emntla kunye nesibanzi somzantsi. Ziindawo apho amaxesha onyaka amane enzeke khona.
Kwimozulu epholileyo kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kwaye lolona hlobo lulungileyo lwemozulu kuphuhliso lwemisebenzi yabantu efana nezolimo, ishishini kunye nobomi bokuhlala.
Imozulu epholileyo ibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo:
- Ubushushu benyanga obuphakathi buphakathi.
- Ukubonisa amaxesha amane ahlukeneyo onyaka.
- Iimvula zamaxesha athile zikhona, ngakumbi ebusika.
- Ivumela ukukhula kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, ezifana ne-savannah kunye nehlathi.
- Ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kuvumelekile.
- Ukubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso lwempucuko.
- Isuka kwi-Arctic Circle ukuya kwiTropic yeCancer kwiNorthern Hemisphere kunye ne-Antarctic Circle ukuya kwiCapricorn kwi-Hemisphere yaseMzantsi.
Iintlobo zemozulu epholileyo
Imozulu enemozulu epholileyo ibonisa iindidi ngeendidi zeemeko ezingqongileyo phakathi kweendidi zazo, kwaye iindidi ezine eziphambili zichongiwe:
- iMediterranean. Ibonakala ngokuba nexesha elide, elomileyo, ihlobo elinelanga kunye nobusika obufutshane, obupholileyo kunye nemvula eninzi.
- indawo epholileyo yelizwekazi. Ibonakaliswa ngumahluko wobushushu phakathi kobusika nehlobo, kushushu kwaye kunemvula ehlotyeni kwaye kubanda nokomisa ebusika.
- Kushushu kwaye kumanzi. Ibonakala ngamahlobo amade, ashushu anemvula eninzi. Ubusika bufutshane kwaye buphakathi.
- Ubushushu boLwandle. Ibonakala ngokunabela elwandle. Amaqondo obushushu akholisa ukubanda kwaye iimvula zasebusika zininzi.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zemozulu epholileyo
Imozulu epholileyo ibonelela ngeemeko ezaneleyo zophuhliso lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Flora: Ibonisa iindidi ezininzi zengca kunye nemithi efana ne-oki, i-conifers kunye ne-larch. Ivumela ukwakheka kwamahlathi, amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namadlelo engca. Ukongeza, kunenzuzo ekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ziphathwe ngabantu, njengombona, iquinoa, ingqolowa, imifuno, iziqhamo, njl.
- Izilwanyana zasendle. Ibonisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezilungele ukufuduka ukuze ziphephe amaxesha onyaka abandayo, ezinye zikwazi ukufukama ukuze zinyamezele ubusika, ezifana neebhere, i-squirrels, kunye ne-opossums. Ezinye izilwanyana eziqhelekileyo kwimozulu epholileyo zezi: elk, lynx, pampas deer, amalulwane, voles, pumas, impungutye, iikhadinali kunye namaxhalanga.
Ingca yePampas okanye ingca epholileyo ilawula isitya esisezantsi sePlata. Ngaphandle kweemeko zayo ezipholileyo, ifana kakhulu ne-savannah kunye iqulethe iintlobo ngeentlobo zengca eqinileyo, ethambileyo, nemuncu (stipa) ezixhasa amadlelo engca adumileyo ePampas. Ngamanye amaxesha iqela elincinci lemithi linokuba ziintsalela zehlathi elikhulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amadlelo endalo athatyathelw’ indawo zizityalo namadlelo angengowamvelo kwaye wonakaliswa kakhulu yimfuyo.
Uhlaza luphawulwa ngamathafa engca ashushu kwaye anobushushu anamatyholo kunye nameva ohlobo lweRobinia. I-Valdivia ilawulwa yi-exuberant amahlathi ashushu kunye namahlathi, aneentlobo ngeentlobo ze-oki, i-larch kunye nokunye. Ihlathi laseValdivia liyindawo ebalulekileyo yokugcina imithi yeentlobo zendalo kwilizwe lethu kwaye isetyenziswe ukususela kwinkulungwane yokugqibela: (coigües, mañíos, olivillos, lingues, canelos, njl.). Kummandla ofanayo, kodwa kwii-Andes, amahlathi amahle e-coniferous ye-araucaria genus yaphuhliswa, ngelixa emazantsi amahlathi e-larch aphantse atshabalala ngenxa yemigodi engakhethiyo (Chiloé).
Curiosities
Kukho uluhlu lwee-toponyms, oko kukuthi ii-toponyms, ezingqina imozulu epholileyo yaseSpain. Ke ngoko, igama elithi Islas de la Suerte lisetyenziswe kwiZiqithi zaseCanary ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. ngenxa yemozulu entle. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuphuphumayo unyaka wonke, ingingqi yaseCosta de la Málaga ikwabizwa ngokuba yiCosta del Sol. Imeko efanayo ikhona kwiCosta de Huelva, ebizwa ngokuba yiCosta de la Luz ngenxa yokufana kwayo kwimeko yelizwe. eCosta del Sol.
Kwezinye iimeko, igama lendawo alibonisi imozulu evumayo ngokukodwa, kodwa libonisa iimpawu zemozulu egqithisileyo. Oku kwenzeka eSierra Nevada okanye eNevada, okanye kwimimandla eyomileyo eyaziwa ngokuba ziintlango, njengeTabenas eAlmería okanye iLos Monegros eZaragoza.
Imozulu maxa wambi iba yeyona nto iphambili koosopolitiki, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi, izigqibo zabo ngemibandela ephathelele imozulu ziyamangalisa ngokwenene. Ingxoxo yanamhlanje igxile kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinguqu yemozulu, kodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo kukho ezinye izizathu eziye zakhokelela abalawuli ukuba bacebise "izisombululo" kwindlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga yemozulu eSpain.
Ngowe-1973, umphathiswa wamaFrancost uJulio Rodríguez wenza isindululo esothusayo esibizwa ngokuba “yiKhalenda kaJulian” egameni lakhe. Ukuzama ukutshintsha ikhalenda yesikolo, ukuzama ukuba unyaka wesikolo uqale ngoJanuwari kwaye uphele ngoDisemba. Izizathu ezininzi zabekwa phambili, kodwa ingakumbi abo bathetha ngokuhlengahlengisa ucwangciso lwesikolo lube kwelona xesha lifanelekileyo lonyaka, ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kumaziko apho isiphakamiso sisetyenziswe khona.
Isindululo saye sacinywa kwamsinya nje emva kokuba siqale ukusebenza. Kodwa ukusebenzisa ubushushu basehlotyeni njengesizathu sokufumana okanye ukunika iiklasi kuninzi lwelizwe lethu kunzima ngokwenene, kusenza sahluke kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu apho amaqondo obushushu. Ihlobo lipholile kakhulu kwaye banako ukulinciphisa ixesha labo lekhefu ngenxa yokuba ubushushu buyanyamezeleka. ESpeyin, abafundi kunye nootitshala banandipha iinyanga ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zeholide (ukuze kube ngoku), le meko ekhethekileyo ingqinelwa kuphela kukuba ininzi yelizwe ifumana amaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngexesha leenyanga zikaJulayi no-Agasti (kubaluleke kakhulu ngendlela) .
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemozulu epholileyo kunye neempawu zayo.