Siyazi ukuba zahlukile Iindidi zeminyele ngokwakheka kunye ne-morphology. Ukwakhiwa kwegalaksi nganye kwahlukile kwaye oku kuyenza ibe neempawu ezizodwa. Namhlanje siza kuthetha Iminyele engaqhelekanga. Yindibaniselwano yeenkwenkwezi, iiplanethi, igesi, uthuli kunye nomcimbi obanjelwe kunye ngamandla omxhuzulane kodwa ngokubonakalayo uswele uhlobo lombutho.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ukuyilwa kunye nokuvela kweminyele engaqhelekanga.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iminyele engekho mgaqweni yaziwa ngokuba yileyo ingenayo imibutho ebonakalayo. U-LIzifundo ziqikelela ukuba malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zeminyele ayiqhelekanga. Ngokungafaniyo neminyele efana neMilky Way kunye neAndromeda ene-nucleus, idiski kunye neengalo ezithile ezichazwe kakuhle, kukho iminyele engenalo naluphi na ulingano okanye ulwakhiwo. Abanye babo banemivalo yokungena okanye iingalo. Kodwa ayisiyo morphology ecacileyo.
Ukunqongophala kombutho ukuba kukho iminyele engekho mgaqweni kubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi. Enye yezona zinto zichaphazeleka kakhulu ekuchazeni ukwenziwa kolu hlobo lweminyele kukuba kukho ukuqhuma okukhulu. Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwenzekile kumbindi wegalaksi kwaye kubangelwe ukwahlulwahlulwa phantse kwawo wonke umxholo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nobumbano. Kwiminyele engekho mgaqweni unokufumana ukusilela ngenxa yomxhuzulane owenziwa ngomnye umnyele ongummelwane omkhulu.
Siyazi ukuba umnyele wethu, ubumbekile kwaye umkhulu, uye wagqwetha iminyele emibini kunye nee-nanites ezaziwa ngokuba ngamafu eMagellanic. Kucetyisiwe ukuba le minyele mibini mincinci idibana neyethu. Kwixesha elizayo elikude kunokwenzeka ukuba wonke lo mbandela uqulethweyo uya kuba yinxalenye yeMilky Way.
Kukho omnye umnyele ongaziwayo owaziwa ngokuqaqamba kakhulu. Imalunga neCigar Galaxy. Luhlobo lomnyele osisityebi kakhulu kwimicimbi ye-interstellar kwaye ngaphakathi kwayo iinkwenkwezi ziyila ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Xa zisencinci, iinkwenkwezi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye ziqaqambe kakhulu, nto leyo icacisa ukuqaqamba okungaqhelekanga kolu hlobo lomnyele.
Imilo kunye nenkcazo yeminyele engaqhelekanga
Olunye lweempawu ezahlukileyo zeminyele ngokungafaniyo nezinye kukukhanya kwazo. Kwaye oku kukhanya kuvela kumandla ngomzuzwana umnyele uphuma kuwo onke amaza kwaye ulingana nenani leenkwenkwezi elinazo. Iminyele engaqhelekanga ihlala inamanani amakhulu eenkwenkwezi azenza zikhanyise.
Umbala weigalaxi uhambelana nenani leenkwenkwezi. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenkwenkwezi. Iinkwenkwezi ezikwindawo yeenkwenkwezi, mna zezona zincinci kwaye zinzima izinto ezinje nge-helium. Kwelinye icala, kubemi II kukho ezinye izinto zentsimbi encinci kwaye zithathwa njengeenkwenkwezi ezindala.
Kulandelelwano olubomvu lweenkwenkwezi sibona ukuba iminyele engenayo okanye engenayo kwaphela i-stellar genesis. Olu hlobo lodidi lomnyele lubandakanya phantse yonke iminyele ye-elliptical. Ngokwahlukileyo, iminyele enezinga eliphezulu lokwakheka kweenkwenkwezi ifumaneka kwindawo eblowu. Phakathi kwale miqolo egcwele iinkwenkwezi ezintsha sifumana le Cigar Galaxy sele ikhankanyiwe.
Indawo eluhlaza kakhulu ngummandla wotshintsho apho iminyele enabantu abancinci nabadala. Singathi iMilky Way kunye neAndromeda yimizekelo le milala iqulethe ezi nkwenkwezi zimbini. Ezi ntlobo zeminyele engaqhelekanga zinomdla wokwazi kuba zezona zibalaseleyo kuzo zonke. Nangona bengenamilo ubalaseleyo, banokuthi baneziko. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba embindini wale milala kungowona mgangatho uphezulu wokuzalwa kweenkwenkwezi. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba iminyele engaqhelekanga ithathwa njengeyona mincinci.
Iindidi zeminyele engaqhelekanga
U-Edwin Hubble wayengusomajukujuku owayephethe ukwahlula iindidi ezahlukileyo ngokwemilo yazo. Emva kokuhlalutya iiplati ezininzi kunye neminyele, wakwazi ukumisela iipateni ezisisiseko kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zeminyele. Sine-elliptical, lenticular, barred spiral, spiral, kunye nemithala engaqhelekanga. Ezingaqhelekanga zezi zingenalo naluphi na uhlobo lobume obubonakalayo. Uninzi lweminyele ekhoyo kwindalo iphela yindilinga okanye iyajikeleza.
Njengoko sifundile ngeminyele, ulwahlulo lwandisiwe ukuze lubenako ukwahlula zonke ezi ndidi zingahlangani nefom ethile. Apha sifumana udidi I no-II iminyele engaqhelekanga. Nangona kusikelwe umda, icebo likaEdwin Hubble liluncedo olukhulu ekumiseni iimpawu kunye neepropathi zale milambo ingahambelaniyo. Siza kuchaza ukuba zithini iimpawu zohlobo ngalunye:
- Chwetheza i iminyele engaqhelekanga: zezo kulandelwa ulungelelwaniso lwantlandlolo lweHubble, ezinje ngeMagellanic-uhlobo lweenkwenkwezi Ingathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ingumxube phakathi kweminyele ejikelezayo engakhange iphuhlise ngokupheleleyo ubume okanye enesakhiwo sokuqala.
- Uhlobo lwe-II lweminyele engaqhelekanga: zezo zenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezindala kakhulu nezibomvu. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi nkwenkwezi zihlala zinokukhanya okuncinci kwaye ziyiminyele njengoko umba sele usasazekile kwaye awunabume.
Sibona umzekelo welifu laseMagellanic. Yiminyele emibini engaqhelekanga. Ilifu elikhulu laseMagellanic likude kangange-180.000 yeminyaka yokukhanya, ngelixa encinci ikukukhanya kweminyaka engama-210.000. Bungomnye weminyele embalwa, ecaleni kweAndromeda, enokubonwa ngaphandle kwesidingo seteleskopu okanye itekhnoloji ephezulu kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neminyele engaqhelekanga kunye neempawu zazo.