Ngokuqhelekileyo

Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe wambona u Ilanga kwaye awazi ngenene ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani. Luhlobo lwesixhobo esenziwe ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwexesha ngokuhamba kwelanga. Ukubonakaliswa kolu hlobo lwewotshi kuyakwenziwa kwisithunzi esiveliswe yi-stiletto esaziwa ngegama lesimbo okanye i-gnomon. Ukuze wazi ukuba ixesha lihamba njani imini yonke, le ntetho yenziwa kwitafile ekurekhodwa kuyo amanqaku ahlukeneyo. Isithunzi se-stylet sathiywa emva kwelanga kwaye siqokelelwa kumphezulu oqheleke ngokuthe tyaba okanye ombindi.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nembali yemvelaphi yelanga.

Imbali yesundial

Olu hlobo lwewotshi luyaziwa ngegama lokucofa ilanga. Ayingawo amaGrike aqala ukuphatha lo mbandela, nangona ngesiqhelo olu hlobo lwesixhobo luyilwa ngabo. Kule meko, sifumana ama-Yiphutha athi, phaya emva kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC, wayesele eqalisile ukwahlula ubusuku nemini kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Ukwahlulwa kwemini nobusuku ngokwamacandelo alinganayo kwaqala ukwenziwa ngokubonakala kweenkwenkwezi ezithile. Ngale ndlela babenakho ukucinga nokuyila iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwazi ukuhamba kwexesha.

Ingxaki ngale fomu kukuba yayingaphatheki. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba iiphiramidi zase-Egypt zazisele ziqhelaniswe ngendlela ethile ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba kwexesha. Ngapha koko, iiobelisk ezenzelwe ngeli xesha nazo zazalisekisa le ngcamango yokulinganisa ilanga. Emva kwexesha, kwiinkulungwane kamva, kumaxesha amaGrike namaRoma, kukho amaxwebhu amaninzi abonisa ubungqina bokwenziwa kwelanga.

I sebenza njani

I-sundial isekwe ikakhulu kwisithunzi esenziwe lusiba ngaphezulu. Kuba ilanga linendawo eyahlukileyo njengoko umhlaba uhamba ujikeleza, iiyure ezahlukileyo zosuku zinokufakwa ngaphezulu kwaye ipensile iya kwenza isithunzi ngokwexesha losuku esikulo.

Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokuhamba kwelanga okubonakalayo ngalo naluphi na usuku. Ilanga liyaphuma empuma, lidlule emazantsi emini, lize litshone entshona. Emini kuthathelwa ingqalelo nge-12 kusasa. Ukuhamba kwelanga ngeli xesha lonke kukuhamba rhoqo. Uyanyamalala entshona kwaye uphinde uhambele empuma, kodwa njengoko usenza njalo, kusebusuku kuthi. Ngale ndlela siyayibona loo nto umendo wonke welanga une-engile yee-degrees ezingama-360 malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Isantya apho sihamba khona ngokuthe ngcembe ziidigri ezili-15 zesikali ngeyure.

Nje ukuba sikwazi oku, kufuneka sicinge ukuba ilanga lenza intshukumo ebonakalayo ngokujika ujonge i-axis yomhlaba. Ukuba sifuna ukwazi ukuba lixesha elingakanani ngokuhamba kwelanga, kufuneka sibonakalise ukuthembeka kangangoko kunokwenzeka ekujikelezeni komhlaba. Uhlobo lwesundundial yethu kufuneka luhambisane nokuthambeka kwe-eksisi yomhlaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba utyekelo ekufuneka lubenalo olu hlobo malunga nokuma nkqo kwendawo esikuyo kufuneka lilingane nobubanzi esikubo.

Uyenza njani isundial

Siza kuthetha ngezikhokelo eziyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukwenza isundial ibe lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kule meko, ukwenziwa kwelanga kuqala ngokubekwa kwesitayile okanye isitayile sendlela ye-axis yomhlaba. Oko kukuthi, malunga ne-dKuya kufuneka sibeke isitayile kwicala elisemantla-mzantsi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ndlela ikwindawo echanekileyo, kufuneka siqiniseke ngobude bendawo esikuyo. Ububanzi bendawo esihlala kuyo bunokufundwa ku Ukulungelelanisa imephu.

Nje ukuba sibeke i-stylus sele sinobubanzi obumiselweyo. Ndiyabulela kolu latitude siyalwazi utyekelo ekufuneka sibeke ngalo ipensile. Ngoku kufuneka sidwebe i-quadrant apho kubonakala khona isithunzi kwaye siphawule iiyure zomhla. Kwi-quadrant okanye kwibhodi siza kubeka ngandlela thile uhlobo lwe-sundial esifuna ukuyakha. Apha kuya kufuneka unike inkululeko yokucinga. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-sundial luya kuba noyilo olwahlukileyo ngokokuthanda kwethu.

Iindidi zesundial

Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesundial ezikhoyo. Ezi ntlobo ziya kwahluka ngokuya ngokuqhelaniswa ne-quadrant yakho. Sineentlobo zilandelayo:

• Iimpawu ze-equatorial: zezo zibekwe kwi-quadrant kwindiza efana ne-ikhweyitha yomhlaba. Apha sinesitayile esichazwe kakuhle kwaye kulula kakhulu ukubeka le moya. Sifanele sazi nje ukuba banomdla wee-90 degrees kwi-horizontal.
• Iiwotshi zithe tye: ngaba ziwotshi ezinokudayala okubekwe ngendlela ethe nkqo kwindawo ethe nkqo yendawo. Zilula ukuzakha nokutolika kuba amanqaku amiselweyo afikelela emantla kwaye i-quadrant ayizukumakishwa zonke iiyure zosuku.
• Isundials ethe nkqo: Luhlobo lwemodeli apho isitayile sijolise kwicala elisemantla-mzantsi. Ukucofa kubonisa iiyure zosuku kwaye uthe ukucofa kume nkqo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba singayiqhelanisa i-quadrant emantla okanye emazantsi, empuma okanye entshona.
• Ezinye iintlobo zelangaKukho ezinye iintlobo zesundials ezingafane zixhaphake kodwa zinokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Apha sifumana iwotshi yomfundisi ephathekayo, ethe nkqo kunye encinci. Ezi wotshi zifumana eli gama ukusukela ukuba zazisetyenziswa ngabelusi ukwazi ixesha losuku apho babezakuthatha iinkomo ziye emadlelweni. Olunye uhlobo lwe-sundial yiwotshi yediptych. Le wotshi ibalasele ngokuba nee-quadrants ezimbini zahlulwe zangama-nkqo kwaye enye ithe tye. Ezi zimbini ze-quadrants zidibene kunye ne-axis. Kule meko, sifumanisa ukuba isitayile ngumsonto oshiyekileyo ucinga xa sibeka zombini ii-quadrants ngokungqinelanayo. Ngokwesiqhelo bafuna ikhampasi ukuze bakwazi ukumakisha iiyure kakuhle.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesundial kunye neempawu zayo.