Iplanethi yethu inesatellite enye eyaziwa ngokuba yiNyanga. Iisathelayithi zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziinyanga, zibhekisa kwezethu. Yena isijikelezi langa uMars Ineenyanga ezimbini ezincinci ezinembonakalo efanayo kwiitapile kwaye zafunyanwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Zincinci ngobukhulu kangangokuba azenzi nekota yeNyanga. Kukho ithuba lokuba kwizigidi ezimbalwa zeminyaka bangaphinde babekho.
Kweli nqaku siza kutyhila kuwe ezinye zeemfihlo eziphazamisayo iinyanga zikaMars.
Iimpawu zeenyanga zikaMars
Iinyanga zikaMars zimbini kuphela. Amagama abo nguPhobos kunye noDeimos. Ezi zimbini zesathelayithi zendalo ezime ngendlela engaqhelekanga ezijikeleza le planethi. Zinobukhulu obuncinci kakhulu ukuba sizithelekisa nesathelayithi yeplanethi yethu, iNyanga. Siza kuhlalutya isathelayithi nganye nganye ukuze siziqonde ngcono iimpawu zayo:
IPhobos
Esi sathelayithi simalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-27 kuphela ububanzi. Ujikeleza umhlaba kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6.000. Ngeeyure nje ezisixhenxe nesiqingatha iyakwazi ukuguqula ngokupheleleyo umhlaba. Inenani elikhulu leekratshi apho i-Stickney ibonakala khona. Lo mngxunya uphethe ifani yomfazi obhaqileyo. Le crater idume kakhulu kuba inobukhulu be-10 km ubukhulu. Umphezulu ugcwele imisele emininzi phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-40 yeemitha ubunzulu. Le mijelo ayidluli kububanzi obuziimitha ezingama-250.
Umphezulu wePhobos uzaliswe luthuli, ufikelela phantse kubude bemitha. Oku kucingelwa ukuba kungenxa yeempembelelo ezingagungqiyo ezifunyanwa yiPhobos ezivela kwi-meteorites ezincinci.
Deimos
Masiqhubeke sichaze enye isathelayithi yeMars. Le satellite incinci kunePhobos. Ineekhilomitha ezili-12 kuphela ububanzi. NjengePhobos, ikwanendawo engalinganiyo. Njengoko inobunzima obuncinci, amandla omxhuzulane akakwazanga ukujikeleza umphezulu. Ke ngoko, kuthiwa zimile njengeetapile.
Ijikeleza ngaphezulu lee kunePhobos. Kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-23.500 ukusuka kumbindi weMars. Ngokungafaniyo nesinye isathelayithi, kuthatha ii-Deimos malunga neeyure ezingama-30 ukuya eMars. Ayinayo imingxuma ebanzi, kodwa incinci. Malunga ne-2,3 km ububanzi. Ngokuba nokuninzi kwezi, kuyenza ibonakale igudile ngamanye amaxesha.
Iinyanga ezimbini zeMars zihlala zibonisa ubuso obufanayo, njengoko kusenzeka kwisathelayithi yethu. Oku kungenxa yamandla olwandle ayimiselayo.
Iinyanga zikaMars ezivela kwiplanethi
IPhobos ijikelezisa uMars ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Oku kungenxa yokusondela kwayo. Sesinye sezizathu zokuba ikwazi ukujikeleza iplanethi ngexesha elifutshane kangaka. Ukusuka kumphezulu we-Mars ngokungathi ivela eNtshona iye eMpuma. Ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo ngeDeimos, enokubonwa kwiMars ngokungathi yinkwenkwezi ngenxa yobungakanani bayo kunye nomgama. Kuyabonakala ukuba ivela eMpuma ukuya eNtshona. I-Phobos inokubonwa ngemini kwi-Mars malunga namaxesha ama-3. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Deimos iya kubonakala kuphela yonke imihla, ngenxa yexesha elithathayo ukujikeleza iMars.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, UJohannes kepler unokuqikelela ukuba iJupiter ibineenyanga ezi-4 kunye noMhlaba inye kuphela, ukuba kuMars kuyakubakho iindlela ezimbini ezijikelezayo, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka iinyanga ezimbini. Le ngcinga yayichanekile njengoko sinokubona namhlanje. Ingxaki ngale ithiyori kukuba iJupiter yayingenazo iinyanga ezi-4, kodwa zininzi kakhulu. Ukufumanisa kuthathe ixesha elide ukwenzeka, ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinyanga zezinye iiplanethi.
Ngo-Agasti 18, 1877, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uAsafu Hall, ephantsi koxinzelelo kumfazi wakhe u-Angeline Stickney, ukwazile ukufumana iisathelayithi ezimbini eWashington Naval Observatory. Namhlanje inokubonwa ngeteleskopu engahlawulwayo encinci njenge-20 cm okanye nangaphezulu. Umhla wokufunyanwa kwayo wawubandakanyeka ngeteleskopu engama-66 cm.
Imvelaphi yeenyanga zikaMars
Ukuchaza imvelaphi enokubakho yeenyanga zikaMars, kukho iithiyori ezininzi. Omnye wabo ngulowo ucebisa ukuba bangavela kwibhanti ye-Asteroid ejikeleza phakathi kukaMars noJupiter. Le ngcamango inokuququzelela inkcazo yokuba kutheni banesimo esingaqhelekanga.
Kukho nezinye iingcamango eziphakamisa ukuba ezi satellites zendalo zinemvelaphi efanayo naleyo yenzeka ngeNyanga. Oko kukuthi, bekukho ixesha apho babeyinxalenye ye-Mars kwaye ngenxa yeempembelelo ze-meteorite baziqhekeza kwiplanethi ukuze bahlale bejikeleza.
Curiosities
Siza kudwelisa ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zithandwayo kwiinyanga zikaMars:
- I-Phobos yahlulwe kwi-Mars 9.380 yeekhilomitha ukusuka embindini. Ngenkulungwane nganye edlulayo, ifikelela kwiimitha ezili-9 kufutshane nomphezulu. Oku kungenxa yesenzo somxhuzulane. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kwisithuba seminyaka engama-40 ezigidi, iPhobos iphela ingqubana neMars.
- Ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo ngeNyanga, ezi satellites azibonisi ukukhanya kwelanga ngenxa yobukhulu bazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngongcwalazi, yonke into sele kurhatyele kwaye iplanethi ayinalo uhlobo lokukhanyisa.
- Inyanga iDeimos iyaqhubeka ngakumbi nangakumbi kude neplanethi kaMars. Ngalo lonke ixesha linendlela ende kwaye kuthatha ixesha elininzi ukugqibezela uguquko olupheleleyo. Kwiminyaka embalwa yezigidi, i-Deimos ayisayi kuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yeMartian. Oku kuyakuyenza ukuba ikhukhuleke njenge-asteroid de iye kujikeleza kwenye iplanethi okanye ijikeleze iphela. Ezi ziganeko ziya kupela ukuphela kweenyanga zeMars.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukunceda ukuba wazi ngakumbi malunga neenyanga zeMars kunye nezinto abazithandayo. Njengoko ubona, akukho nto ingunaphakade, kwaye nangona ixesha lendalo lingenanto yokwenza nomlinganiselo womntu, kukho i-alpha kunye ne-omega.