Indalo yonke esiyaziyo inemilinganiselo emikhulu kwaye akukho kuphela umnyele esihlala kuwo. Kukho iminyele emininzi kwaye ayifani yonke. Kukho iminyele yeendlela ezahlukeneyo nobukhulu, ukusuka kwiingxilimbela ukuya kwezincinane. U-Edwin Hubble wenza ulwahlulo lweminyele ngo-1936 ukuze ikwazi ukwahlula ezahlukileyo Iindidi zeminyele ngokobume bazo nembonakalo yazo. Lonke olu luhlu luye lwandiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa namhlanje lusasebenza.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zegalaksi ezikhoyo kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Ulwahlulo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegalaksi
Iminyele ihlelwa ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo. Sinokubona ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeminyele efana ne-elliptical, lenticular, spiral, and irregular. Kuba uEdwin Hubble wayecinga ukuba kukho indaleko kunye nokukhula kwiminyele evela kumaphiko e-elliptical lenticular kwaye ukusuka kule ukuya kwi-spirals, wenza into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Hubble. Kuba iminyele yohlobo olungaqhelekanga ayihambelani neminye, ayingeni kulandelelwano.
Siyazi ukuba i-galaxy yinto okanye into edibeneyo eyenziwe yinani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi kunye nomcimbi we-interstellar obanjwe ndawonye omnye komnye ngesenzo sabo somxhuzulane. Ngokuba nesenzo sayo somxhuzulane kwizinto ezenza umnyele zihlala zodwa esithubeni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho iminyele engamawaka ezigidi ezili-100.000 kwindalo yonke eyaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo eli nani liyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Lonke eli galaksi lidityanisiwe laba ngamaqela ngokwesiqhelo.
Siyazi ukuba Indlela yobisi likhaya lethu kwaye ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezingama-200 ezigidi kwaye yiyo enika umnyele igama.
Iintlobo zegalaksi
Sizahlula iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegalaksi ezikhoyo kwaye sichaze ezona mpawu ziphambili.
Iminyele ye-Elliptical
Yenziwe njenge-ellipse kwaye inokuba nobukhulu obukhulu okanye obuncinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo yiminyele leyo Babizwa ngoonobumba u-E balandelwa linani elihamba phakathi ko-0 no-7. Inani linikezelwe ukuba likwazi ukubonisa isibindi se-galaxy. Ezi ntlobo zeminyele zahlulwe zaziindidi ezisi-8 ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ukusuka ku-E0 ukuya ku-E7. Kunokuthiwa eyangaphambili ibingqukuva kwaye ayinabunyani, ngelixa elokugqibela linobungqongqo obuphezulu kunye nembonakalo ende.
Iminyele ye-elliptical inegesi encinci kunye nothuli kwaye akukho nto iphakathi kweenkwenkwezi. Ngeenkwenkwezi ezimbalwa, uninzi lwezi nkwenkwezi indala. Phantse uninzi lwazo lujikeleza i-nucleus ngendlela emdaka nengacwangciswanga. Singafumana iintlobo ezininzi zobukhulu ukusuka kubukhulu ukuya kubuncinci. Eyona minyele mikhulu yeyeliptical ukusukela, xa iminyele iqanduselwa idibanisa ukwenza iminyele emikhulu ye-elliptical.
Iminyele yeLenticular
Uhlobo olunye kuphela lweenkwenkwezi ezihlelwe phakathi kwee-ellipticals kunye ne-spirals. Zilawulwa yinyukliya ephantse yenziwa ziinkwenkwezi ezindala, njengoko kunjalo nge-ellipticals. Banediski yeenkwenkwezi kunye negesi ejikeleze bona njengemimoya. Kodwa ayinazo iingalo ezijikelezayo. Ayinayo i-interstellar ethe kratya kwaye akukho nenye inkwenkwezi.
Iigalaksi zeLenticular zinokuba nenucleus engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi okanye enye / okanye iqela eliphakathi leenkwenkwezi. Xa sinodidi lomnyele we-lenticular ubizwa ngokuba yi-SO kwaye xa bevaliwe iminyele ye-lenticular babizwa ngokuba yi-SOB.
Iminyele yomoya
Ezi ntlobo zeminyele zenziwa yishawa yeenkwenkwezi ezindala. Le ngundoqo inayo idiski ejikelezayo yeenkwenkwezi kunye nezinto ezininzi zeenkwenkwezi ejikeleza ijikeleze le nucleus yeenkwenkwezi ezindala. Idiski ejikelezayo yeenkwenkwezi yaziwa ngokuba yenziwe ngeengalo ezijikelezayo ezisuka kumbindi wesiseko. Kwezi ngalo sineenkwenkwezi ezincinci, iinkwenkwezi ezichanekileyo ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ezi ngalo zezona zenza olu hlobo lomnyele ekuthiwa ngumoya.
Iingalo ezijikelezayo zineenkwenkwezi eziqhubekayo. Ukuba sihlalutya idiski singafumanisa ukuba kukho i-halo enamaqela e-globular kunye neenkwenkwezi ezichithakeleyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo sifumana iinkwenkwezi ezindala. Olu hlobo lomnyele luchongwa ngonobumba S olulandelwa yenye unobumba omncinci onokuba ngu, b, c okanye d. Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nembonakalo yentloko kunye neengalo. Ukuba sithatha i-galaxy Sa siya kubona ukuba banenucleus enkulu ngobukhulu ngokubhekisele kwiingalo. Ezi zingalo ziya kuyifumana i-nucleus iqine njengoko zincinci.
Kwelinye icala, sineminyele ye-Sd enenucleus encinci kodwa eneengalo ezinkulu ezisasazeke ngakumbi. Kwiintlobo ezininzi zegalaksi ezijikelezayo sinokubona kumacala omabini ebhloko ibar ethe nkqo apho kuvela khona iingalo zomoya. Olu hlobo lomnyele, njengangaphambili, lwaziwa njengeminyele evaliweyo yomoya. Bahlala bengathethi kwanto nge-SB kunye noonobumba njengangaphambili. Olu dibaniso lweeleta lunentsingiselo efanayo neyomoya ongavalwanga.
Iminyele engaqhelekanga
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, iminyele engaqhelekanga ayinasakhiwo okanye ulungelelwaniso. Ke ngoko, kunzima ngakumbi ukuyazisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokulandelelana komthala. Azinabume bu-elliptical kwaye azoluli ulungelelwaniso lwam kulandelelwano lweHubble. Ziigalaksi ezincinci ezinesixa esikhulu segesi ye-interstellar kunye nothuli.
Ukuchongwa kwabo kutyunjwe nge-Irr kwaye bahlelwa ngokweendidi ezimbini. I-Irr I okanye uhlobo lweMagellanic kunye ne-Irr II. Ezangaphambili zezona zifunyanwa rhoqo kwaye zenziwe ngeenkwenkwezi ezindala ezinokukhanya okuphantsi kakhulu. Le minyele ayinayo i-nucleus. Ezi zokugqibela zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zenziwe ngeenkwenkwezi ezincinci. Zihlala zenziwe kukudibana phakathi kwamandla omxhuzulane weyona minyele ikufutshane. Kananjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba zivela kungqubano lweminyele emibini.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi zemilambo.