Imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo okanye leyo ingangcolisiyo ikhula ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kuya kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukuguqula imodeli yamandla yangoku kuyanzima ngobusuku nje obunye. Ke ngoko, sibhaptiziwe kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba kukutshintsha kwamandla. Enye yezinto ezincedayo ekungcoliseni izinto ezincinci zezi Iibhayoloji. Ngoku kuphela ligama, sinokubala ukuba oku kubandakanya ntoni. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba zenziwe ngantoni, ziyintoni na okanye zeziphi izibonelelo abazibonisayo ngaphezulu kwezibaso eziqhelekileyo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngee-biofuels? Kule nqaku sichaza yonke into ngokweenkcukacha.
Zithini ii-biofuels
Ii-biofuels zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-biofuels. Yikhompawundi eyenziwe yimixube yezinto ezinemvelaphi yendalo. Ezi zinto zisetyenziselwa ukufumana amandla. Ithathelwa ingqalelo ivuselelwa okanye amandla acocekileyo kuba izinto zivela kwi-biomass. Ke ngoko, le nto yendalo ivela kwaye iqokelele iyahlaziywa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kukho impikiswano nebhalansi ye-CO2 ekhutshiweyo kunye ne-CO2 efunxwe zezi biofuels. Njengoko izinto ezenza eli khompawundi zizinto eziphilayo, ngexesha lobomi bazo ziye zafumana ukufakwa kwe-CO2 ngexesha lenkqubo yefotosinthesisi. Nje ukuba babugqibe ubomi babo, zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwala mafutha. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwale biofuel, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dayoksayidi nako kuyenziwa. Oko kubalwayo ngumlinganiso phakathi kwe-CO2 ekhutshiweyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuchasene ne-CO2 ethe yangeniswa kwimveliso yezinto eziphilayo (amasimi).
Kude kube namhlanje, ibango lokuba ibhalansi iyancipha, ukuze i-CO2 encinci ikhutshwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo kunangexesha lokuyilwa kwayo.
Uncedo lwezi biofuels kukuba banokubuyisela indawo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kwepetroli. Ngale nto, ifuthe eliveliswe ngabo liyacuthwa kwaye ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kuyancitshiswa kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona izinto ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezibaso zinye ziyafana, ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza ioyile i-CO2 ayifunxwanga njengoko kusenzeka nge-biofuels.
Zenziwe ngantoni
Ngoku siza kwazi iintlobo zezityalo ezinokuveliswa ngazo nge-biofuels. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba yinkunkuma yomhlaba, ukuxhaphaka kakhulu kwemihlaba kwezolimo kunye nokumosha ukutya. Into omele ucinge ngayo kukuba ukutya kuyasetyenziswa. Into esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-biofuel yintsalela yokutya.
Phakathi kweentlobo zezityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo sinazo:
- Iimbotyi zesoya
- Umbona
- Umdiza weswekile
- Icassava
- Ujongilanga
- I-Eucalyptus
- Imithi yesundu
- I-Los pinos
- Ioli ulwelwe
Ezi biofuels zinokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amathathu amakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwinto ekrwada esele isetyenzisiwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Kukho i-biofuels yokuqala, yesibini kunye neyesithathu. Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye:
- Isizukulwana sokuqala se-biofuels. Ezi zezi zinemvelaphi yezityalo zezolimo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana iimveliso zokutya ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Ezi nkqubo zemveliso zezona zilula, kuba iintsalela zemveliso yokutya zisetyenziswa. Ukongeza, zitshiphu. Nangona kunjalo, inezithintelo ezithile ezinokuthi zibeke emngciphekweni ubonelelo lokutya kunye nendalo ngokunciphisa iintlobo zezityalo kwindalo.
- Isizukulwana sesibini se-biofuels. Olu hlobo lwamafutha luvela kwimfuno ephezulu yee-biofuels ezikhoyo. Ifunyanwa kwi-biomass eveliswa kwimeko yehlathi. Ezi zinto zenziwe nge-lignocellulosic kwaye indalo yazo inomthi okanye ifayibha. Ziyi-biofuels eziqhubeka nokonga ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 emoyeni, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinzima ukuvelisa kunesizukulwana sokuqala. Ziveliswa kwiimveliso ezingalungiselelwe ukutya okanye inkunkuma.
- Isizukulwana sesithathu se-biofuels. Zivela kwi-biomass engenzelwanga ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu okanye inkunkuma. Kweli candelo sibandakanya i-microalgae. Iindlela zebhayoloji yemolekyuli zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa kwaye i-microalgae inokuveliswa kwimveliso elandelayo ye-biofuel.
Iindidi ze-biofuels
Siza kuhlalutya ii-biofuels ezahlukeneyo ezaziwayo nezisetyenziswa ngumntu wonke:
- IBioethanol. Yiyo eveliswa kukufakwa kwesiselo esinxilisayo kwiswekile ekhoyo kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo sinokufumana ummoba, ii-beet okanye ezinye izidlo.
- IBiodiesel. Oku kuveliswa kwioyile yemifuno apho kukho ioyile yeembotyi zesoya, icanola, rapeseed kunye nejatropha. Ezi ntlobo zilinywa ukuze zisetyenziswe njenge-biodiesel.
- Biopropanol okanye biobutanol. Ezi ntlobo zimbini azithandwa kakhulu, kodwa uphando luyenziwa kuzo njengoko zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe njengezi zimbini zangaphambili.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Nangona zinokubonakala ngathi zilusindiso, zineenzuzo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Dwelisa izibonelelo:
- Iindleko ziya kuba ngaphantsi kunepetroli okanye idizili. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo aziphili njengoko ziyinkunkuma.
- Ivelisa ingqesho kwinqanaba lendawo.
- Zinciphisa ukukhutshwa.
- Iinkqubo ezisebenza ngokukuko kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci.
- Inenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko ekuphatheni kwayo.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokuba luncedo. Dwelisa izinto ezingalunganga:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-nitrogen kwimveliso yezityalo kwandisa ukukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen oxide kwaye kungcolisa amanzi nomhlaba.
- Banika amandla amancinci kunalawo aqhelekileyo.
- Kukho ukulahleka kwemimandla yehlathi kwimveliso yezityalo kwaye ezi ntlobo zingabasebenzisi be-CO2.
- Ukuveliswa kwee-biofuels ezithile, kusetyenziselwa izinto zokubasa, eyonyusa ukukhutshwa nangakumbi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nala mandla manye anempikiswano malunga nokuba azinzile nyani na okanye hayi kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwawo kufanele kukhule eluntwini.