Enye yeenkqubo zeentaba ezidumileyo emhlabeni, eziseYurophu, zezi IiAlps zaseSwitzerland. Ithathwa njengeyona ntaba inde kuyo yonke iYurophu kwaye inwenwela kumazwe ayi-8. Idlula e-Austria, France, Germany, Monaco, Switzerland, Slovenia, Italy nase Liechtenstein. Ezi ntaba zihlala kwindawo ebalulekileyo kulwazi lwala mazwe, kwaye iinkcubeko ezininzi zivela kule ntaba.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka komhlaba kweAlps zaseSwitzerland.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umhlaba weentaba unobuhle obumangalisayo kwaye ubumbe inkcubeko yamazwe amaninzi. Le mihlaba ibonakala kwiintaba ezininzi nakwiidolophu zommandla kwaye ziye zaba yindawo yokhenketho ethandwa kakhulu. Ezi ndawo zisebenza Ukuskiya, ukunyuka intaba kunye nemisebenzi yokunyuka intaba, kwaye bafumana ngaphezulu kwekhulu lezigidi abakhenkethi nyaka ngamnye.
Eyokuqala ibekwe ngokwendawo I-arc engaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-800 kumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu. Yandiswa ukusuka kummandla weMeditera ukuya kwindawo yeAdriatic. Kuqwalaselwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwezinye iinkqubo zeentaba ezinje ngeCarpathians kunye neeApennines. Kuzo zonke iintaba zayo, singayifumana iMatterhorn, iMonte Rosa Massif kunye neDom. IMont Blanc yeyona ncopho yayo iphakamileyo, kwaye iMatterhorn yeyona ndawo yamkelweyo ngobume bayo. Zonke ezi mpawu zenza iiAlps zaseSwitzerland zigqalwe njengenye yeenkqubo zeentaba ezidumileyo ehlabathini.
Imvelaphi yegama elithi Alps icacile ngoku. Inokuvela kwiCeltic, okuthetha ukuba mhlophe okanye mde. Igama livela ngqo kwi-Latin Alps, lidlula kwisiFrentshi. Ukusuka iPaleolithic eseleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yonke indawo yeAlps ibe yindawo apho amaqela amaninzi eentlanga ahlala khona. Kwitestamente ungayibona indlela obuqhubele phambili ngayo ubuKristu eYurophu kunye neemonasteri ezininzi ezisekwe entabeni. Ezinye zazo zakhiwe kumhlaba ophakamileyo kwaye iilali zingakhula zijikeleze zona.
Imbali isixelela ukuba ukungena kwezinye iingingqi neendawo zonqulo, iiAlps zaseSwitzerland zazigqalwa njengomqobo ongenakoyiswa. Ngenxa yobuninzi beendunduma kunye neendawo eziyimfihlakalo, zithathwa njengeendawo eziyingozi. Emva kwexesha kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, itekhnoloji inokuvumela ukuphononongwa kunye nophando.
IJografi yeeAlps zaseSwitzerland
Inkqubo yonke yeentaba zeAlps ingaphezulu kwe-1.200 yeekhilomitha ubude kwaye ikwilizwekazi laseYurophu ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye iincopho zingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.500 1.200 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye kukho ngaphezu kwe-XNUMX yomkhenkce. Inqanaba lekhephu limalunga neemitha ezingama-2400, ke zininzi iindawo zokhenketho lwekhephu. Iincopho zigutyungelwe ngekhephu ngokusisigxina, zenza i-glaciers ezinkulu, kwaye ukuphakama kuhlala ngaphezulu kwe-3.500 yeemitha. Eyona glacier inkulu yaziwa ngegama elithi Aletsch.
Kuqwalaselwa njengenyoka yezinye iinkqubo zeentaba, ezinje nge-Alpine yangaphambili apho ibhloko yentaba yaseJura ikhoyo. Eminye imimandla yeentaba ifikelela eHungary, eSerbia, eAlbania, eCroatia, eBosnia naseHerzegovina, nakwiindawo ezithile zaseMontenegro.
Ngokwembono yokuma komhlaba, singahlulahlula olu luhlu lweentaba lube sisiqingatha esiphakathi, icandelo lasentshona kunye necandelo lasempuma. Kwicandelo ngalinye kula macandelwana ahlukeneyo okanye amaqela amancinci eentaba. Ngokwemvelo, singakwazi ukwahlula iiAlps zaseSwitzerland eziseSouthern, ezahlulwe kweminye imimandla ziintili zeValtelina, iPusteria neGailtal. Kumazantsi-ntshona ziiAlps zaseLwandle kufutshane noLwandle lweMeditera, zenza umda wendalo phakathi kweFrance ne-Itali. Inyaniso, Kuyaziwa ukuba iMont Blanc ilele phakathi kweFrance ne-Itali kwaye ineyona glacier inde eFrance. Inxalenye esentshona yale ntaba inabela kumzantsi-ntshona weSwitzerland.
Eminye yemilambo emikhulu kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, efana neRhone, iRhine, iHainaut kunye neDelaware, iphuma okanye iqukuqele iiAlps kwaye ayinanto kuLwandle oluMnyama, iMeditera kunye noLwandle oluseMantla.
Imvelaphi kunye nokusekwa kweAlps yaseSwitzerland
Ngenxa yobungakanani boluhlu, ukwakheka kwayo kuyinxalenye yolandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lweziganeko zejoloji. Iingcali zeJoloji zikholelwa ekubeni kuya kuthatha phantse iminyaka eli-100 ukuqonda ubuzaza bazo zonke iziganeko zejoloji ezikhokelela kwiiAlps zaseSwitzerland. Ukuba siyibuyisela kwimvelaphi yayo, sinokubona ukuba eyangaphambili yenziwa ngenxa yokungqubana phakathi kwepleyiti ye-Eurasian kunye neplate yaseAfrika. Ezi zimbini zeetectonic plates zibangele ukungazinzi kwindawo kunye nokuphakama. Inkqubo ithatha ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu ukugqibezela, kugubungela ixesha elihlala kwizigidi zeminyaka.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba zonke ezi ntshukumo ze-orogenic Ekugqibeleni yaqala malunga neminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Amacwecwe eTectonic aqala ukungqubana ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous. Ukudibana kwala macwecwe mabini etektoni kubangele ukuvalwa kunye nokuthinjwa koninzi lwendawo ehambelana noLwandlekazi lwaseTethys oluphakathi kwamacwecwe amabini. Ukuvalwa kunye nokuthinjwa kwenzeka eMiocene naseOligocene. Oososayensi baye bakwazi ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye amacwecwe amabini aqokelelweyo, yiyo loo nto kwavela ukuba omelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba angaphakamisa umhlaba kwaye enze olu luhlu lweentaba. Bakwazile nokufumana iindawo ezithile zolwandle lwamandulo ezingaselwandle lwaseTethys.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Eyona njongo iphambili yokhenketho zizityalo kunye nezilwanyana ukongeza ubuhle bembonakalo yomhlaba. Kukho indalo esingqongileyo enjengamawa amqengqelezi, iintlambo, amathafa anengca ebanzi, amahlathi, kwanemithambeka ethile emqengqelezi. Ukunyibilika komkhenkce kuye kwenza amanye amachibi kwaye umphezulu wamanzi uzolile, othanda ukukhula kweentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana.
Kukho iyantlukwano enkulu kwezi ndawo. Ezinye iintlobo zeentaba zeebhokhwe zasezintabeni okanye iibhokhwe zasendle. Kukho ezinye izilwanyana ezinjengee-antelopes, iimarmot, iminenke, iinundu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Emva kweengcuka, iibhere kunye neelnx zazingabandakanywa ngenxa yezisongelo zabantu, babuyela kwiiAlps zaseSwitzerland. Ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwezinye iindawo zendalo, iya kuba lula ngakumbi kubo.
Kwiintyatyambo sifumana imihlaba emininzi yengca namahlathi asezintabeni, enemithi emininzi, imithi ye-oki, i-firs kunye nezinye iintyatyambo zasendle.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngeeSwitzerland Alps kunye neempawu zayo.