Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zendalo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ezikhoyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga Ihlathi eliphantsi. Iyahambelana nendawo yehlathi laseAmazon eAmazon eliphuma empuma yeentaba zeAndes. Luhlobo lwamahlathi emvula asemgangathweni asemgangathweni aneendawo eziphakame ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-400 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Isitya esinye somlambo iAmazon siyafumaneka.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zehlathi elisezantsi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Luhlobo lwehlathi elaziwa ngokuba ngummandla waseOmagua. Yenziwe ngokusekwa kwesityalo kunye nesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba ama-3 ukuya kwayi-4 okanye amanqanaba otyani ongezwe kumxholo ongezantsi. Lo mgangatho wezityalo ubangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo nokuphakama okwenziwe ngokokukhula nokukhula kwazo. Isiseko sendawo esezantsi yeyona ndawo iphantsi kwemithi. Ukuba yindawo kunye izityalo nezityalo ezinyukayo zanele. Zonke ezi zinto ziyinxalenye yehlathi lemvula.
Ummandla wehlathi elisezantsi unomhlaba owomileyo nowomileyo, nangona ikwangamahlathi azele ngamanzi, imigxobhozo kunye neesavanna ezinemithi yesundu. Olona phawu luphambili lwamahlathi asezantsi lubonakala ngokuba nemozulu eshushu enobushushu obujikeleze iidigri ezingama-26 ngokomndilili kwaye ngemvula eninzi engaphezulu kwe-3.000 mm.
Ihlathi libekwe kwithafa elingenakuthelekiswa nanto apho imihlaba ephambili inobume besanti kunye nothungelwano oluninzi lwemilambo nemisinga. Izilwanyana zixinene kwaye izinambuzane kunye neearachnids. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokwahluka kweentlobo kunye nenani labantu. Kukwaphawuleka ukubakho kweentlanzi ezininzi zamanzi acocekileyo, iintaka, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo phakathi ezo sifumana zona, iintlobo ezininzi zeenkawu kunye nejaguar.
Ngokubhekiselele kwizityalo, kukho ukwahluka okukhulu kwezityalo ezinemithambo. Sikwabona iintlobo ezininzi zeeferns, mosses kunye ne-lichen. Kunokuthiwa kwihektare nje enye yehlathi elisemathafeni iindidi zemithi ezingaphezu kwama-300 zichongiwe ngentaphane yeeorchid neebromeliads.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nehlathi eliphantsi
Lo mmandla uphela ubhekisa kwingingqi yendalo yePeru kwaye ukhula kwithafa eliya kufikelela kwimpuma yelizwe. Lo mmandla ngowona mkhulu kuba uhlala kwindawo ejikeleze i-65 yezigidi zehektare. Imida yehlathi eliphantsi idibana nehlathi eliphakamileyo kwiinduli zeAndean. Inokufumaneka nakwimpuma ukuba siqhubeka nokungena kwihlathi elinemvula iAmazon eBrazil, ukuya kumazantsi mpuma kwimida yeBolivia nakwinxalenye esemantla imida iColombia ne-Ecuador.
Eli hlathi lemvula lisezantsi lithathwa njengebhayome. Kungenxa yokuba ayisiyo ecosystem elula, kodwa kunoko yi-biome equka i-mosaic ye-ecosystems ngaphakathi. Ngamanye amagama, iseti yezinto eziphilayo kwindawo enye. Sifumana ihlathi elingenakukukhukula, ihlathi elinamanzi amaninzi, imigxobhozo, imigxobhozo, amahlathi entlabathi amhlophe, njl. Nganye kwezi zinto eziphilayo zinempawu ezizodwa kunye nendalo eyahlulayo ngokwezi mpawu zendalo.
Ubume botyani behlathi elisemathafeni abalingani. Ngenxa yokwahluka okukhulu kweentlobo kunye nokubekwa kunye neemfuno zazo nganye, kukho umahluko omkhulu kulwakhiwo. Kwelinye icala, kwindawo engafumani manzi sifumana imihlaba enesakhiwo esingcono kunye nokuzala okukhulu. Ezi ndawo zinemigangatho emi-3 okanye emi-4 yezityalo ezikhula emthini kunye nomthi ongaphantsi owenziwe ngemithi nezityalo ezitya imifuno. Ngombulelo kukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokuxinana kwemithi, inqanaba eliphezulu lokufuma ligcinwa unyaka wonke.
Kwelinye icala, sinomgangatho ophezulu wehlathi ofikelela kwiimitha ezingama-40 ukuphakama kwaye unemithi evelayo enokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-60. Ukujikeleza iziqu zemithi nakwindawo esezantsi sifumana iyantlukwano enkulu yezityalo ezinyukayo zendalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo zeepiphytic.
Umhlaba kunye nemozulu yehlathi elisezantsi
Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba imihlaba ekhokelela kwihlathi eliphantsi inokwakheka kwesanti, nangona ingoyena uguquguqukayo. Sikwabona imihlaba enesanti ethambekileyo ethanda ukuba ngumhlaba oludongwe kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Zihlala zingumhlaba ongenazondlo kwaye zifumaneka zijikeleza kubuninzi bezityalo. Kukho inani elipheleleyo lomngundo kunye namahlelo anegalelo ekuphindaphindweni nasekusebenziseni izakha-mzimba kwizinto eziphilayo ezifileyo. Njengoko sisazi, kukho unxibelelwano olwahlukileyo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuba kukutya. Ikhonkco lokugqibela kule khonkco libola. Owona msebenzi wawo kukukhupha izinto eziphilayo kwizinto eziphilayo. Ndiyabulela koku, kunokwenzeka ukubuyela kwisimo sokuqala kwaye ubuyisele onke amandla enethiwekhi.
Ngokubhekisele kwimozulu, kwihlathi eliphantsi imozulu enemozulu eshushu kunye nefudumeleyo. Iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu kodwa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zenza imvula ibe ninzi kakhulu. Ukufuma kwayo okuphezulu kuvela emafini atsalwe kwithambeka leAtlantic kwicala elisuka empuma liye entshona. Onke amafu ahlala enyusa ubuso obungasempuma kweAndes kwaye xa apholileyo ayadibana ukuze kukhuphe uqhwithela olunamandla kunye nemvula eninzi.
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu afumaneka kwihlathi elisezantsi ajikeleze iidigri ezingama-37 ngenyanga ka-Okthobha. Ubuncinci buchazwe ngenyanga kaJulayi kwaye zijikeleze i-17 degrees. Ngaloo ndlela, intsingiselo ihlala i-26 degrees. Ngokuba nemvula eninzi, ngamaxabiso afikelela kwi-3.000 yeemilimitha, Kwaye yagqitha nakwezinye iindawo ezinama-5.000 mm yenza inqanaba lokufuma okuphezulu kakhulu. Sifumana iindawo ezinamazinga okufuma afanayo angama-88%.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nehlathi eliphantsi kunye neempawu zalo.