Enye yezibalo kunye neenkwenkwezi ezishiye uphawu lwazo kwizinto abazifumeneyo UAristarko waseSamo. Imalunga nesazinzulu esaphuhlisa ingcinga yoguquko yexesha laso. Kwaye kukuba, kumaxesha amandulo, kwakuyingozi ukuya ngokuchasene noko kumiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndoda ibanga ukuba iLanga hayi uMhlaba, yayiliziko elimiselweyo loMhlaba. Ukwabanga ukuba uMhlaba kunye nezinye iiplanethi zijikeleze iLanga. Ewe, oku kubangele ingxwabangxwaba ebantwini abakholelwa ukuba uMhlaba usembindini wendalo iphela. ithiyori yelizwe.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nezinto ezintle kunye neziphumo ebezikho kwimbali ka-Aristarchus wase-Samos kwimbali yemathematika kunye neenkwenkwezi.
Personalación siqu
UAristarco de Samos wayengumbhali wezenzululwazi "Ngobukhulu kunye nomgama weLanga neNyanga." Kule ncwadi ucacisile kwaye wabonisa olunye lwezona zibalo zichanekileyo ezazikhona ngelo xesha lomgama owawunokwenzeka phakathi kweplanethi yethu neLanga. Kwenye yeengxelo zakhe wathi iinkwenkwezi zazinkulu kunokuba zazibonakala. Oko, nangona babonwa njengamanqaku esibhakabhakeni, babelilanga elikhulu kunelethu. Ubungakanani bendalo iphela babukhulu kakhulu kunesayensi ngelo xesha.
Wazalwa ngo-310 BC ngoko ke unokuthelekelela ulwazi olusisiseko olwalukho ngelo xesha. Ngaphandle koku, u-Aristarchus waseSamos wakwazi ukucacisa iingcamango eziyinyani ngexesha lakhe. Usweleke ngonyaka we-230 BC. C eAlexandria, eGrisi. Yindoda yokuqala eyayinokufunda umgama ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu ukuya eLangeni ngendlela echanekileyo. Ufundile watsho ukuba yintoni umgama phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga. Wadala ithiyori yelanga, esithi iLanga yayiliziko leNdalo iphela hayi uMhlaba.
Enkosi kwigalelo lale sisazinzulu, ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, UNicolaus Copernicus ikwazile ukucacisa ngendlela eneenkcukacha ithiyori yelanga. Ukuba yindoda eyayiphila kwakudala, akukho lwazi lungako malunga nobomi bayo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wazalelwa eGrisi, yaye ngeenkwenkwezi kunye zezibalo. Ubomi bakhe bonke wachitha eAlexandria. Yayineempembelelo ezivela eYiphutha ezabangela ukuba izibalo zamaGrike zikhule kwiinkulungwane ngaphambili. Wayenokhuthazo oluvela eBhabheli lokuba inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ikhule ngaphambili.
Kwelinye icala, ukuvulwa kweMpuma kunye noAlexander Omkhulu, kwanceda ukuba notshintshiselwano ngezimvo ezinegalelo elibonakalayo kwiingcinga zelo xesha. Le yimeko apho u-Aristarchus waseSamos wayephuhlisa ithiyori yelanga.
Igalelo eliphambili lika-Aristarco de Samos
Elinye lamagalelo abaluleke kakhulu kukuba wakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba iiplanethi zezo zijikeleza iLanga, kubandakanya noMhlaba. Ukufika koku kufunyanwa, wasebenzisa ingcinga. Ukongeza, Wayekwazi ukuqikelela ubungakanani benyanga kunye noMhlaba kwaye abone ukuba bakude kangakanani.
Wayekwazi ukufumanisa ukuba, nangona iinkwenkwezi zikhangeleka zincinci kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, zazifana nelanga ezinobukhulu obukhulu, kodwa zikude kakhulu. Zonke ezi ngcaciso zisebenza njengelifa lethiyori ye-Heliocentric esetyenziswa nguNicolás Copernicus.
Kumaxesha amandulo zazikho iingcinga ezininzi ngendalo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba bekukho iintsomi, amabali kunye neenkolelo zobuxoki. Uninzi lwezi ithiyori lwalunezinto ezininzi ezintle zikaThixo, amabali, njl. Ithiyori yelanga yaza yaguqula yonke into esasinayo ngelo xesha. Isekwe kule migaqo ilandelayo:
- Zonke izidalwa zasezulwini azijikelezi ngaxeshanye.
- Iziko loMhlaba liziko lenyanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba umjikelo wenyanga ujikeleze umhlaba wethu.
- Zonke iinkalo kwindalo iphela (ezaziwa njengeeplanethi) zijikeleza iLanga kwaye iLanga yinkwenkwezi emileyo embindini wendalo iphela.
- Umgama phakathi koMhlaba neLanga liqhezu elingabalulekanga ngokuthelekiswa nomgama ophakathi kwezinye iinkwenkwezi.
- Umhlaba awuyonto ngaphandle komjikelo ojikeleza iLanga kwaye unentshukumo engaphezulu kwesinye.
- Iinkwenkwezi zilungisiwe kwaye azinakushukunyiswa. Ukujikeleza koMhlaba yeyona nto ibonakalayo ngathi iyahamba.
- Ukuhamba komjikelo woMhlaba ujikeleze iLanga kwenza ukuba ezinye iiplanethi zibonakale ngathi ziyabuya.
Ukubaluleka
Ukusuka kuwo onke amanqaku asisiseko senkolelo yelanga, kunokuqokelelwa idatha ethile ukuze kufunyanwe umsebenzi ophucukileyo nonenkcukacha ngonyaka we-1532. "Ekuguqukeni kwamanqanaba esibhakabhaka." Kulomsebenzi iingxoxo ezisixhenxe eziphambili zethiyori zaqulunqwa kwaye ngendlela eneenkcukacha ngakumbi ngokubala kubonisa impikiswano nganye.
UAristarco de Samos uneminye imisebenzi eyaziwa ngokuba "Kubukhulu nemigama yelanga nenyanga" kunye nomnye "Uguquko lwezulu lezulu". Nangona ayinguye umntu onamabinzana aye ezembalini, unalo elaziwayo kwiincwadi zakudala kwaye lithetha oku kulandelayo: "Ubukho, ubukho abukho."
Ukubaluleka kwale ndoda kulele kwinto yokuba yayiyeyokuqala ukuyila ithiyoriyori, into eyayihambele phambili kakhulu ngexesha layo. Waye waqonda ukuba uMhlaba wenze inguquko epheleleyo ngokujikeleza iLanga kwaye yathatha unyaka omnye. Ukongeza, ikwazile ukufumana iplanethi yethu phakathi kweVenus neMars. Ubanga ukuba iinkwenkwezi ziphantse zangumgama osuka eLangeni kwaye zilungisiwe.
Kuzo zonke ezi zinto zazifunyenwe kwakunokwenzeka ukuba zifunyanwe njengelifa uluvo lokuba uMhlaba wawungengombindi wendalo iphela, kodwa yayililanga. Ngapha koko, kwanceda nokwazi ukuba uMhlaba awujikelezanga nje kuphela kwiLanga kodwa ngokwawo kwiasi yawo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga no-Aristarco de Samos.