Inkanyamba uKatrina, yenye yezona zonakalisayo kwimbali yethu yamva nje

Iziganeko zemozulu zeziganeko ezihlala zibangela ukonakala, kodwa hayi kakhulu njengoko zibangelwa yi INkanyamba uKatrina. Ubuncinane abantu abayi-1833 babulawa yinkanyamba uqobo okanye umkhukula owawuhamba nayo, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe yeyona ibulalayo ngexesha leNkanyamba iAtlantic ngo-2005, kwaye eyesibini kwimbali yase-U.S., Isemva kweSan UFelipe II, ngo-1928.

Kodwa, Yintoni imvelaphi kunye nokuhamba kwale nkanyamba inamandla, ithi nje ngegama layo, imifanekiso yentshabalalo eyishiye eUnited States ize engqondweni ngokukhawuleza?

Inkanyamba uKatrina imbali

Ukuthetha ngoKatrina uthetha ngeNew Orleans, Mississipi, kunye namanye amazwe athe ahlupheka kukudlula kwesi saqhwithi setropiki. Yinkanyamba yeshumi elinesibini eyabakho kwixesha lenkanyamba lango-2005, ngokukodwa nge-23 ka-Agasti, kumazantsi mpuma eBahamas. Kwaba sisiphumo sokuhlangana kwamaza akweleenjiko kunye neTropical Depression Diez, eyasekwa nge-13 ka-Agasti.

Inkqubo yafikelela kwindawo yesitshingitshane emva kosuku nje olunye, nge-24 ka-Agasti, umhla owawuza kuthiwa nguKatrina. Indlela elandelwayo yile ilandelayo:

• Agasti 23: ibhekise ngaseHallandale Beach naseAventura. Emva kokwenza ukuwa komhlaba kwaba buthathaka, kodwa emva kweyure, emva kokungena kwiGulf of Mexico, yaphinda yaqina kwakhona kwaye yaphinda yafumana imeko yenkanyamba.
• Agasti 27Ifikelele kwinqanaba 3 kwisikali seSaffir-Simpson, kodwa umjikelo wokutshintshwa kodonga lweliso kubangele ukuba iphindwe kabini ngobukhulu. Oku kuqinisa kukhawulezileyo kungenxa yamanzi ashushu ngokungaqhelekanga, abangela ukuba umoya uvuthe ngokukhawuleza. Ke, ngosuku olulandelayo lafikelela kwinqanaba 5.
• Agasti 29: Yenziwe umhlaba kwakhona okwesibini njengeNkanyamba yesi-3 kufutshane neBuras (eLouisana), iBreton, iLouisiana kunye neMississipi ngemimoya ye-195km / h.
• Agasti 31: yathotywa kukudakumba kwetropiki kufutshane neClarksville (Tennessee), yaqhubeka nendlela yayo eya eLwandle oluKhulu.

Ekugqibeleni, saba sisaqhwithi esingaqhelekanga esasifudukela kumantla mpuma kwaye sichaphazele empuma yeKhanada.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo athathiweyo ukunqanda umonakalo?

Iziko leNkanyamba leLizwe (CNH) Ukhuphe umlindo weqhwithi kumazantsi mpuma eLouisiana, Mississipi naseAlabama ngo-Agasti 27 emva kokujonga kwakhona indlela enokuthi ilandelwe yinkanyamba. Ngaloo mini, i-United States Coast Guard yaqhuba uluhlu lwemisebenzi yokuhlangula ukusuka eTexas ukuya eFlorida.

Umongameli welo xesha wase-United States, UGeorge W. Bush ubhengeze imeko kaxakeka eLouisiana, Alabama naseMississippi ngo-Agasti 27. Ngenjika Langa, I-CNH ikhuphe isilumkiso senkanyamba kunxweme oluphakathi kweMorgan City (eLouisana) kunye nomda ophakathi kweAlabama neFloridakwiiyure ezilishumi elinambini emva kwesilumkiso sokuqala.

Kude kube lelo xesha, kwakungekho mntu wayenalo nofifi lokuba uKatrina wayeza kutshabalalisa njani. Iphepha lembumbulu lakhutshwa kwi-ofisi yase New Orleans / Baton Rouge yeNkonzo yeSizwe yeMozulu ilumkisa ngelithi lo mmandla awunakuhlala bantu iiveki.. Nge-28 ka-Agasti ka-Agasti, u-Bush wathetha ne-Rhuluneli u-Blanco ukucebisa ngokufuduka e-New Orleans.

Lilonke, abantu abayi-1,2 yezigidi abavela kwiGulf Coast kunye uninzi lwabo baseNew Orleans kuye kwafuneka bakhutshwe.

Wenze wuphi umonakalo?

Ufile

INkanyamba uKatrina kubangele ukusweleka kwabantu abali-1833: 2 eAlabama, 2 eGeorgia, 14 eFlorida, 238 eMississipi nakwi-1577 eLouisiana. Ukongeza, bekukho i-135 engekhoyo.

Umonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo

• Kulo kumazantsi eFlorida naseCuba Umonakalo uqikelelwa kwisigidi esinye ukuya kwizigidi ezibini zeedola, ikakhulu ngenxa yezikhukula kunye nokuwa kwemithi. Kwakukho imvula ebonakalayo eFlorida, kunye ne-250mm, naseCuba, ene-200mm. Isixeko saseCuba saseBatabano sasine-90% yezikhukula.
• En Louisiana imvula nayo ibinamandla, ukusuka kuma-200 ukuya kuma-250mm, nebangele ukuba inqanaba leLake Pontchartrain lenyuke, nelathi lona lakhukula iidolophu eziphakathi kweSlidell neMandeville. I-10 iTwin Span Bridge, eyayidibanisa iSlidell neNew Orleans, yatshatyalaliswa.
• En ENew Orleans imvula yayinamandla kangangokuba sonke isixeko sasigutyungelwe ngamanzi. Ukongeza, uKatrina wabangela ulwaphulo-mthetho olungama-53 olukhuselayo. Iindlela zazingenakufikeleleka, ngaphandle koQhagamshelo lweSixeko saseCrescent, ke banokusiyeka kuphela isixeko.
• En Mississippi, kubangele umonakalo oqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni zeedola kwiibhulorho, amaphenyane, iimoto, izindlu kunye neepie. Inkanyamba yagqobhoza, yabangela ukuba amabandla angama-82 abhengezwe njengemimandla eyintlekele.
• Kulo Emazantsi mpuma e-US Imimoya ye-107km / h yabhalwa e-Alabama, apho kwavela khona iinkanyamba ezine. Isiqithi saseDauphin sonakaliswe kakubi. Ngenxa yenkanyamba, amalwandle akhukuliseka.

Njengoko yayiya emantla kwaye ibuthathaka, uKatrina wayesenamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba enze isikhukula eKentucky, eWest Virginia naseOhio.

Lilonke Umonakalo wepropathi uqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-108 zeedola.

Impembelelo kokusingqongileyo

Xa sithetha ngezaqhwithi sihlala sicinga ngomonakalo abawenzayo ezixekweni nasezidolophini, oko kusengqiqweni kuba senza ubomi bethu kwezo ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba enye yezi zinto ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwaye uKatrina wayengomnye wabo.

Ihlaselwe malunga ne-560km2 yomhlaba eLouisana, ngokutsho kwakhe Uphando lweJografi eUnited States, ezinye iindawo apho bekukho iingcongconi ezimdaka ngebala, iifudo, iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi zaselwandle. Kwaye ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa iindawo zokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana ezilishumi elinesithandathu kufuneka zivaliwe.

ELouisiana, bekukho ukuchitheka kweoyile kumaziko angama-44 kuMazantsi mpuma, Eguqulelwe kwiilitha ezingama-26 ezigidi. Uninzi lwalulawulwa, kodwa abanye bafikelela kwindalo nakwisixeko saseMeraux.

Iziphumo kubemi babantu

Xa uswele ukutya namanzi, wenza nantoni na ukuze ufumane. Akuyi kuba nguwe wedwa ophangayo nobayo-ngokunjalo nabantu abanogonyamelo. Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo eUnited States. Umkhosi weSizwe wase-United States Kuthunyelwe ama-58.000 amajoni ukuzama ukulawula iidolophu, nangona zazingekho lula: izinga lokubulala ukusuka ngoSeptemba 2005 ukuya kuFebruwari 2006 likhule ngama-28%, kufikelela ekubulaweni kwabantu abayi-170.

Ngaba kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo?

Kukho abo bacinga njalo Urhulumente wase-United States akenzanga konke okusemandleni ukunqanda ilahleko ebantwini. Umqambi Kanye West kwikonsathi yesibonelelo kwi-NBC wathi "uGeorge Bush akabakhathaleli abantu abamnyama." Owayesakuba ngumongameli waphendula kwesisityholo esithi lelona xesha lelona libalaseleyo lobongameli bakhe, etyholwa ngokungafanelekanga ngobuhlanga.

UJohn prescott, owayesakuba nguSekela-Nkulumbuso wase-United Kingdom, wathi “umkhukula owoyikekayo eNew Orleans usisondeza kwiingxaki zeenkokheli zamazwe afana neMaldives, izizwe zawo zisemngciphekweni wokutshabalala ngokupheleleyo. I-United States ibithandabuza ukulandela umthetho weKyoto, endicinga ukuba yimpazamo.

Ngaphandle kwento eyenzekileyo, amazwe amaninzi ayefuna ukunceda abasindileyo kuKatrina, ngokuthumela imali, ukutya, amayeza okanye nantoni na abanokuyenza. Uncedo lwamazwe aphesheya belulukhulu kangangokuba kwi-854 yezigidi zeedola abazifumeneyo, bafuna kuphela i-40 (ngaphantsi kwe-5%).

INkanyamba uKatrina ishiye uphawu lwayo eUnited States, kodwa ndicinga kancinci kuthi sonke. Yayiyenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zamandla endalo. Uhlobo olukhoyo, lusikhathalele ixesha elininzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lusifaka kuvavanyo.