I-Edaphology sisayensi esencinci esineenjongo eziphambili kukufunda umhlaba. Ivela ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane iphelileyo kwaye iphanda umhlaba kuwo onke amanqaku. Funda i-morphology, ukwakheka, iipropathi, ukuyilwa, ukuhanjiswa, ukulawulwa kwetax, ukusebenziseka, ukubuyisa kunye nolondolozo. Lisebe elifundwayo nakwinzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo kuba inezicelo ezikhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, indawo yokufunda kunye neengcinga ze-edaphology.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kwi-edaphology kukho umxholo womhlaba nomhlaba oqhele ukulahlekisa. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba uthathwa njengowona mgangatho uphezulu womhlaba oqinileyo. Olu luhlu lwenziwa yimozulu yamatye apho izityalo zinokugxilwa khona. Umhlaba yindawo ethile yendalo esingqongileyo yeentlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo kwaye siyabulela koku banokuphuhlisa kwaye bavelise kwakhona. Umxholo womhlaba unokuthiwa njengomxube ongaphezulu okanye ongaphantsi kwesiqwengana esincinci samatye kunye nezinto zemvelaphi yendalo, zidibene nolwelo kunye negesi ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, idibana nomthamo othile wemveliso.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-edaphology ibalulekile kumasebe amaninzi. Umzekelo, xa ufunda ngoncedo lomhlaba wezolimo, kubalulekile ukwazi onke amacandelo kunye namandla ovelisa kuwo. Xa kufundwa amasuntswana, ezinye izinto eziphambili kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Kwelinye icala, iimpawu zendawo apho ikhoyo kunye neempawu ezithile zomhlaba. Phakathi kwezi mpawu sinokuqamba, i-morphology kunye neepropathi.
Xa sihlalutya iimpawu zendawo yokwenza isifundo kwisayensi yomhlaba, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo imiba esisiseko. Oku kulandelayo:
- Imilo yomhlaba: ingqamana nomba wokukhululeka owenziwe kuwo umhlaba.
- Ithambeka: ithambeka linqanaba lokuthambeka kwesiqabu. Ithambeka kufuneka limiselwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo kudla ngokubhekiswa embindini wethambeka apho kungumhlaba.
- Uhlaza: kufundiswa kakuhle utyani obunikwa umhlaba ukuze kubonwe uhlobo lokulima olukhoyo, nokuba lolokuzenzela okanye lwendalo. Xa sithetha ngezinto ezingezizo ezenziweyo sibhekisa kwizityalo ezikhuliswe ngabantu.
- Imozulu: imozulu iyancitshiswa kwidatha ebonelelwa zizikhululo zemozulu. Kuxhomekeka kwimozulu yendawo, iimpawu zomhlaba wazo zihlala zitshintsha.
Iinkalo ze-edaphology
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto ziphambili ze-edaphology ezinento yokwenza neempawu zomhlaba. Eyokuqala kuko konke oko kukufundisisa emhlabeni yi-morphology. Ukusuka kwi-morphology, iihorons, umbala, ubume, i-porosity, uphawu lwemvelaphi yebhayiloji, imisebenzi yabantu kunye nolwakhiwo ezifundwayo. Yonke le miba ibalulekile ukuhlalutya umhlaba xa uwonke. Siza kubona ukuba zonke ezi ngongoma zithini kwaye zithini.
Amagqabantshintshi e-Edaphic
Amagqabantshintshi abhekisa kwiyantlukwano yemvelo yomhlaba ukuseka inkqubo engqingqwa yokuqamba amagama. Ityunjwe ngonobumba omkhulu obonisa uhlobo lofuzo. Ezinye iileta zisetyenziselwa ii-organic holios, ezinye ii-horizons ze-mineral kunye nabanye ukubona ukuba zeziphi izakhelo ezenziwe ngumbhalo wokuqala oguqulwe kancinci okanye kancinci. Ezinye iileta zinokuhamba nabanye ukuba bachaze uphawu olubalulekileyo olungafakwanga kwinkcazo yoonobumba abakhulu abahambelanayo. Oku kudla ngokuba linani.
Amagqabantshintshi otshintsho zezi zibekwe phakathi kokubhaliweyo kokubini. Ngale ndlela, siyabona ukuba abahlali baneepropathi ezixubileyo kwaye kunzima ukukhetha enye yazo. Umxube oxwesileyo zezo ziphakathi kweenqununu ezimbini ezidityaniswe ngendlela yokuba zibe ngumxube opheleleyo. Yahlukile kolunye utshintsho phakathi kweepropathi zombini zixutywe ngokupheleleyo.
Umbala kunye nokuthungwa kwisayensi yomhlaba
Umbala womgangatho uyahluka kodwa ubaluleke kakhulu. I-matrix yehorizons kunye nobukho bamabala zihlukile xa kufikwa ekuchongeni iintlobo zomhlaba. Zonke iiminerali eziyimfuneko ezenza iqhekeza lodongwe limhlophe ngombala. Nangona kunjalo, ayingombala oqhelekileyo udongwe olukhutshwe emhlabeni. Umbala awuyonto eyipropathi engenamsebenzi, kodwa kunoko usinika uninzi lweempawu kulwakhiwo lomhlaba kunye nokuziphatha kwawo.
Ngokubhekisele kwimbonakalo, imalunga nendlela amasuntswana omhlaba ahanjiswa ngayo ngokobungakanani. Ukumiselwa kwayo kufuneka kwenziwe ngohlalutyo oluhambelanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ebaleni ungabona ngokungathanga ngqo ezinye iibhola ezincinci phakathi kweminwe ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lombutho oluzayo. Ngamava athile, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibhalo yomhlaba zinokwahlulahlulwa.
Ukuthanda izinto, iimpawu kunye nomsebenzi wabantu
Ukuzimisela kwe-porosity kufuneka kwenziwe ngeendlela ezingangqalanga kunye nokungena. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini banceda ukufumanisa ubuninzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi komhlaba. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uza kusetyenziselwa ukwenza igadi okanye ezolimo. Zonke zinokusazisa malunga nomthamo opheleleyo weecigars ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ayiboneleli ngendlela apho ii-pores zisasazwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke okanye imilo yazo okanye indlela yazo. Nangona kunjalo, lulwazi oluchazayo lwemiba ethile yomhlaba.
Enye into ephawulekayo yintshabalalo phakathi komhlaba. Kwiimeko ezininzi zihlala zanele ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwayo. Xa sithetha ngemvelaphi yendalo, sichaza ubukho besilwanyana okanye ubungqina baso ngaxa lithile. Umzekelo, kunokubakho intsalela evela kwimethamorphoses, kwiigalari, kwindlwane, njl. Makube ziimpawu zobukho besilwanyana. Imisebenzi yabantu ikwabalulekile ukuhlalutya umhlaba oza kusetyenziswa kuwo. Ubukho beziqwengana zeLozada, inkunkuma, ubungqina benkunkuma okanye nayiphi na into engaphandle komhlaba kwaye kukho ubungqina bokungenelela komntu kubalulekile ukuhlalutya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-edaphology kunye nendlela efunda ngayo umhlaba.