UAlpha Centauri

UAlpha Centauri

UStephen Hawking, uYuri Milner kunye noMark Zuckerberg bakhokela ibhodi yabalawuli kwinyathelo elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yiBreakthrough Starshot, obuchwephesha bakhe obunokuthi ngenye imini busetyenziswe ukufikelela inkwenkwezi engummelwane woMhlaba, UAlpha Centauri. Kunye nokuba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo "elula", njengoko iyenye yezona nkwenkwezi zikufutshane elangeni, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi bezibukele abamelwane bethu beenkwenkwezi kwiiplanethi ezinokuthi zifane noMhlaba. UAlpha Centauri yeyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane nathi, kodwa xa sithetha ngendawo, ayisondele kangako. Ingaphezulu kweminyaka emi-4 yokukhanya, okanye iimayile ezibhiliyoni ezingama-25. Ingxaki kukuba ukuhamba emajukujukwini, njengoko sisazi, kucotha kakhulu. Ukuba esona siphekepheke sihamba ngokukhawuleza iVoyager sishiye isijikelezi-langa sethu sikwiikhilomitha ezili-11 ngomzuzwana xa abantu beqala ukuyishiya iAfrika, ngebesifike eAlpha Centauri ngoku.

Kweli nqaku sikuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-Alpha Centauri, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.

Inkqubo ye-Alpha Centauri

alpha centauri kunye neeplanethi

Yeyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane elangeni kwaye ibonakala kuphela kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi. Yeyesithathu yinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo eMhlabeni kwaye ineenkwenkwezi ezininzi ezikhangeleka ngathi yindawo enye yokukhanya. Abona bamelwane basondeleyo elangeni ziinkwenkwezi ezintathu kwinkqubo yeAlpha Centauri.

Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini eziphambili ngu-Alpha Centauri A kunye no-B, ezenza isibini sokubini. Ziyi-avareji yeminyaka eyi-4,3 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.. Inkwenkwezi yesithathu nguProxima Centauri. U-Alpha Centauri A kunye no-B badibana rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-80 kwi-orbit ye-barycentric eqhelekileyo. Umgama ophakathi phakathi kwazo malunga neeyunithi ezili-11 zeenkwenkwezi (i-AU okanye i-AU), malunga nomgama ofanayo esiwufumanayo phakathi kweLanga ne-Uranus. UProxima Centauri ngowesihlanu kumnyaka wokukhanya okanye i-13.000 AU ukusuka kwezinye iinkwenkwezi ezimbini, umgama oye ezinye izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zithandabuza enoba ifanele kuthathwa njengenxalenye yale nkqubo inye.

I-Alpha Centauri A yinkwenkwezi yesine eqaqambileyo njengoko ibonwa eMhlabeni, kodwa ukukhanya okudityanisiweyo okuvela kwi-Alpha Centauri A kunye no-B kukhulu kancinane, ngoko ke inkwenkwezi yesithathu eqaqambileyo ebonakala kwisibhakabhaka soMhlaba. Inkwenkwezi emthubi iAlpha Centauri A luhlobo olunye lwenkwenkwezi njengelanga lethu, kodwa inkulu kancinane. Ngenxa yokuba kufutshane noMhlaba, ibonakala iqaqambile esibhakabhakeni sethu. Ubushushu bomphezulu bawo buziidigri ezimbalwa uKelvin opholileyo kunalowo weLanga lethu, kodwa Idayamitha yayo enkulu kunye nommandla ongaphezulu opheleleyo kuyenza ibe malunga namaxesha ayi-1,6 aqaqambe ngakumbi kuneLanga.

Elona lungu lincinci lenkqubo, i-orenji iAlpha Centauri B, incinci kancinci kunelanga lethu kwaye inohlobo olubonakalayo lwe-K2. Ngenxa yobushushu bayo obupholileyo kunye nesiqingatha kuphela sokuqaqamba kweLanga, iAlpha Centauri B iya kuqaqamba yodwa njengeyeyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo yama-21 esibhakabhakeni sethu. Ezi zimbini zingawona macandelo aqaqambileyo enkqubo, ajikeleza iziko eliqhelekileyo lomxhuzulane rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-80. Ii-orbits zi-elliptical kakhulu, kunye nomgama ophakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezimbini malunga ne-11 AU, okanye umgama woMhlaba-Langa.

Indawo kunye neenkwenkwezi zeAlpha Centauri

iinkwenkwezi kunye nemijikelo

Le nkqubo yeenkwenkwezi yenye yezona nkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ezikufutshane elangeni, malunga ne-4,37 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka elangeni, nto leyo elingana neekhilomitha ezingama-41.300 ezigidi.

Iinkwenkwezi ezenza iAlpha Centauri zintathu:

  • UProxima Centauri: le nkwenkwezi itshisa amafutha ngokucothayo, ukuze ibekho ixesha elide. Ngo-Agasti ka-2016, ukufunyanwa kweplanethi elingana noMhlaba ejikeleza indawo enokuhlalwa kuyo ejikeleze iProxima Centauri, iplanethi ebizwa ngokuba yiProxima b, yabhengezwa. UProxima Centauri wafunyanwa ngo-1915 yisazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseSkotlani uRobert Innes.
  • Alpha Centauri A: Yinkwenkwezi eorenji yodidi lwe-K eyeyenkqubo yokubini inkwenkwezi. Iqaqambile, inkulu, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba indala kunelanga. Ihlelwa njengencinci emthubi. Inomjikelezo weentsuku ezingama-22.
  • Alpha Centauri B: Yinkwenkwezi efana kakhulu neyona nkwenkwezi inkulu yethu, iLanga, yohlobo lwe-spectral G, kwaye ijikeleza kumjikelezo omalunga neminyaka engama-80. Kukholelwa ukuba wazalwa ngaxeshanye noA.

Izazinzulu kunye nezazi ngeenkwenkwezi zifumene ubungqina obuphikisanayo bobukho beeplanethi ezidityaniswe noMhlaba kabini kwi-Alpha Centauri. Iziphumo zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokufunyanwa kwe-exoplanet Alpha Centauri B kwi-2012. Le planethi ineempawu ezifana noMhlaba. Ubukho beexoplanets busixelela ukuba kufuneka kubekho iiplanethi ezininzi ezijikelezayo kwinkqubo enye.

Ngaba bunokubakho ubomi?

Iqela leenkwenkwezi

Amandla ale nkqubo yokusingatha ihlabathi elinobomi ahlala enomdla kwizazinzulu, kodwa ii-exoplanets ezaziwayo azizange zifunyanwe apho, ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuba kukufutshane kakhulu ukuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikwazi ukujonga izinto ezikuloo mmandla. Kodwa kwiphepha elipapashwe ngolwesiThathu kuNxibelelwano lweNdalo, iqela lamazwe ngamazwe lezazi ngeenkwenkwezi lichonge utyikityo oluqaqambileyo lokucinga olushushu lwendawo enokuhlaleka ye-Alpha Centauri A, ngenxa yeTelescope enkulu yaseYurophu yaseMazantsi (ESO). Chili.

Umqondiso wafunyanwa njengenxalenye yeprojekthi ye-Alpha Centre Regional Near-Earth (NGEFU), eyanikelwa yi-ESO kunye ne-Breakthrough Observing Astronomy Initiative. ngomnikelo omalunga ne-2,8 yezigidi zeeyuro. Eyokugqibela, exhaswa ngusozigidi waseRussia uYuri Milner, ikhangela amatye, iiplanethi ezinobungakanani bomhlaba ezijikeleze iAlpha Centauri kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 yokukhanya kwethu.

KUFUTSHANE kwenza uhlaziyo oluninzi kwiteleskopu yaseChile, kubandakanya i-thermal chronograph, ethintela ukukhanya kwenkwenkwezi kwaye ijonge imisayino yobushushu evela kwizinto zeplanethi njengoko zibonakalisa ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi. Emva kokuhlalutya iiyure ezili-100 zedatha, Ufumene imiqondiso ejikeleze i-Alpha Centauri A.

Isijikelezi-langa ekuthethwa ngaso asikachazwa kwaukuchazwa, okanye nokubakho kwaso. Umqondiso omtsha ucebisa ukuba malunga nobukhulu beNeptune, oku kuthetha ukuba asithethi ngeplanethi efana noMhlaba, kodwa kunokuba ibhola elikhulu legesi eshushu kahlanu ukuya kwasixhenxe ngobukhulu kunoMhlaba. Kwimeko eqikelelwayo yokuba inobomi, yayinokuvela ikwimo yeentsholongwane ezixhonywe emafini. Umqondiso unokubangelwa yenye into, njengelifu lothuli olushushu lwecosmic, izinto ezikude ngasemva, okanye iiphoton ezilahlekileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Alpha Centauri kunye neempawu zayo.


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