Uhambo lukaHalley

Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile Halley comet Ngamaxesha athile ebomini bakho kwaye ngekhe ungazi ukuba kunjani kwaye kusebenza njani. Inyani yile yokuba yi-comet ehamba ngendlela yayo emhlabeni wonke kwiminyaka engama-76. Ingabonakala apha njengokukhanya okukhulu okukhanyayo. Enye yeekometshi ezinomgama omfutshane kunebhanti leKuiper. Olunye uphando luqinisekisa ukuba imvelaphi yayo ikwi Ilifu Oort kwaye ekuqaleni yayiyi-comet enendlela ende.

Abanye oososayensi bajonga uHalley's Comet njengowokuqala ukuba umntu abone kude kube kabini ebomini bakhe. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi iimfihlelo kunye namandla e-comet edumileyo emhlabeni? Funda ukuze ufumane yonke into.

Yintoni kwaye yintoni imvelaphi ka-Halley's Comet

Nangona iyeyona comet idumileyo ehlabathini, abantu abaninzi abasazi ukuba yintoni. Yi-comet enobukhulu obukhulu kunye nokuqaqamba okuninzi okunokubonwa eMhlabeni kwaye ikwayi-orbit ejikeleze ilanga njengeplanethi yethu. Umahluko ngokubhekisele kuye kukuba ngelixa wethu I-orbit yokuguqulela minyaka le, IHalley's Comet yiyo yonke iminyaka engama-76.

Abaphandi baphanda ukujikeleza kwayo ukusukela oko yagqityelwa ukubonwa kwiplanethi yethu ngo-1986. Le comet yathiywa ngegama lososayensi yafunyanwa nguEdmund Halley ngo-1705. Izifundo ziyaqinisekisa ukuba kwixesha elizayo xa inokubonwa kwiplanethi yethu kukujikeleza unyaka wama-2061, mhlawumbi ngeenyanga zikaJuni noJulayi.

Ngokuphathelele kwimvelaphi, kucingelwa ukuba yenziwa kwilifu lase-Oort, ekupheleni kwe ISistema Solar. Kule mimandla, ii-comets ezivela kuyo zinendlela ende yokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba iHalley yayiwufinyeza umkhondo wayo ngenxa yokuba yayirhintyelwe ziingxilimbela zegesi ezikwiSolar System. Esi sizathu sokuba inerekhodi emfutshane.

Ngokwesiqhelo zonke ii-comets ezinazo umzila omfutshane uvela kwiKuiper Belt kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, eli bhanti lichazwa njengemvelaphi yeHalley's Comet.

Iimpawu kunye nokuhamba

Ukuba yeyona idumileyo embalini, yi-comet efundwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuhamba kwayo kuyaziwa ukuba kudlula kwinqanaba lokuvela kuyo yonke iminyaka engama-76. Oku kufutshane kakhulu kwikayiti eqhelekileyo. Nangona ivela kwilifu lase-Oort, indlela yokuhamba iyafana naleyo yazo zonke ii-comets ezikwibhanti leKuiper.

Ngokubanzi, umkhondo uqhelekile kwaye uchazwe kakuhle kwaye, enkosi koku, ukuqikelela kwakho kulula kakhulu. Kude kube ngoku kukho irekhodi layo yonke iminyaka edlulileyo okoko yafunyanwa kwaye, inokuba ilungile ngokuhamba kwayo.

Ngokubhekisele kwiimpawu zayo zangaphakathi, inokubonwa ngesakhiwo esipheleleyo kwaye senziwe nge-nucleus kunye ne-coma. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-comets, inkulu kakhulu ngobungakanani kwaye iyaqaqamba. Nangona umzimba omnyama, ukhanya ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubonwe ebusweni bomhlaba. I-nucleus inemilinganiselo yeekhilomitha ezili-15 ubude kunye ne-8 km ubude kunye nobubanzi. Esi sizathu sokuba ibizwa ngokuba yikhayiti enkulu. Ubume bayo ngokubanzi bungafana nqwa namandongomane.

Isiseko senziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinjengamanzi, icarbon monoxide kunye ne-dioxide, imethane, i-hydrocyanuric acid, i-ammonia kunye ne-formaldehyde. Ubude bebonke bokuhamba kwekayiti bufikelela kwizigidi ngeekhilomitha.

I-orbit ye-Halley's Comet i-elliptical imilo kunye nokubuyiswa kwakhona. Isalathiso esilandelayo silapha sichasene neeplanethi kunye nokuthambekela kwe-18 degrees. ihlala ichanekile kwaye ichaziwe, isenza ukuba kube lula ukufundisisa nophando.

Iza kubuya nini i-Halley's Comet?

Inyaniso yokuba isazi ngeenkwenkwezi sase-Bhritane u-Edmund Halley wayengowokuqala owayekwazi ukubala i-comet ye-comet ayithethi ukuba yayingabonwa ngaphambili emhlabeni. Le comet ibonwa ngaphezulu komhlaba yonke iminyaka engama-76. U-Edmund Halley wakwazi ukuqikelela nokubala indlela ye-comet enkosi kokunye ukubonwa okwenzekileyo ngaphambili.

Eyokuqala yaqwalaselwa ngonyaka we-1531 ngu-Appiano noFracastoro. Yachazwa njenge-comet enkulu, emilise ipeanut. Yayinokukhanya okukhulu kwaye yayinokubonakala ngokulula emhlabeni. Kwiminyaka kamva, ukubonwa kukaKepler noLongomontanus nako kungabhalwa ngo-1607, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka engama-76 kamva. Xa wayekwazi ukuyibona ngamehlo akhe ngo-1682, wachaza ukuba kuya kuphinda kubonwe kwakhona ngo-1758.

Koku kufumanisa yindlela uHalley abizwa ngayo ukuba yi-comet. Uphononongo lwamva nje olushicilelwe kwiphephancwadi Ijenali yeCosmology ibonisa ukuba ukubonwa kokuqala kwale comet kwakungo-466 BC, mhlawumbi ngenyanga kaJuni ukuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Ukubona okulandelayo kwabhalwa ziingcali zeenkwenkwezi zaseTshayina ngonyaka we-240 BC.Ukuvela kwirekhodi, kuye kwavela amaxesha angama-29 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngomkhondo weminyaka engama-76. Ukuba wagqibela ukubonana ngo-1986, Iya kuphinda ibonwe kwakhona ngonyaka we-2061-2062.

Curiosities

Njengoko unokulindela, eyona comet ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali inomdla wokufuna ukwazi. Siziqokelela apha:

• Ngaphandle kokukhanya okukhulu kunika, IHalley's Comet ngumzimba omnyama.
• Ngenxa yokuvela kwe-comet ngonyaka we-1910 ngaphezu kokuzibulala okungama-400 enxulumene nale nto egubungele isibhakabhaka sasePeru ngombala ongaqhelekanga.
• Ndiyabulela kule comet, amawaka eencwadi kunye namabali ahlobene.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufumana eyona comet idumileyo embalini.