Xa sithetha ngeyona ncopho iphakamileyo emhlabeni kulula ukuba sikhumbule igama lika Everest. Yindawo esebenza kungekuphela njengesalathiso sendawo ephezulu emhlabeni, kodwa njengendawo yokuhlangana kunye nenqaku lokuzonwabisa kubo bonke abo bakhweleyo kunye nabathandi bendalo. Uluhlu lonke lweentaba apho ikhoyo i-Everest yaziwa njenge zeHimalaya. Ubuhle buye banamagama ohlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo. Kwabantu baseNepal igama elithi Sagarmāthā, amaTshayina alazi njengoZhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng kwaye abantu baseTibet bathiye igama lokuba yiChomolungma.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kwe-Everest.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Nangona amanani efakwa, kukho isiphithiphithi ngokubhekisele kubude beyona ncopho. Kuyinyani kwaye kwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo kwiplanethi yethu. Nangona kunjalo, asiyiyo eyona ntaba inkulu okanye ephezulu kunazo zonke, kuba sinokujonga iintaba zolwandle ngobude bazo. Umzekelo, iMauna Kea yintaba-mlilo Ilinganisa ngaphezulu kwe-10000 yeemitha ukuphakama kwisiseko sayo kwaye imi kulwandle.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, incopho ye-Everest yinxalenye yeHimalaya kwaye ikumazantsi mpuma e-Asiya, phakathi kwe-Indian subcontinent kunye ne-Asia iphela. Iya kubude beemitha ezingama-8.850 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle kunye nezembozo ummandla oqikelelwa kuma-594,400 eekhilomitha. Kukho abantu abafana nale ntaba iphiramidi enobuso obu-3. Umoya okwindawo ephezulu yale ntaba uswele ioksijini kuba ikwimida yetroposphere. Ukongeza, iba ngumceli mngeni kubo bonke abakhweli, kuba le ndawo ihlala ibethwa yimimoya enamandla kwaye ihamba nemozulu ebandayo.
Ingqungquthela ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwencopho enamatye ejikelezwe likhephu elinzima kakhulu elalijikelezwe ngomnye umaleko wekhephu onokuthi uncitshiswe okanye unyuswe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Konke kuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye nomjikelo womkhenkce. Ukuba inqanaba lokuqokelelwa kwekhephu likhulu kunelo le-abrasion, umkhenkce uya kuqhubeka nokukhula. Siyazi ukuba ngenyanga kaSeptemba incopho iphakamile ngandlela ithile kunangenyanga kaMeyi. Oku kuyahambelana noko sele sikukhankanyile malunga nomjikelo womkhenkce.
Imozulu ye-Everest
Ubushushu ikwayinto engahlali rhoqo. Ihlala yahluka ngokwamaxesha onyaka. Ekuqaleni konyaka banokufikelela ukufikelela kumaqondo obushushu angama -36 degrees, ngelixa ehlotyeni kufikelela kwi -19 degrees.
Ngexesha lesimo sezulu, esiphakathi kwenyanga kaJuni ukuya kuSeptemba, Izaqhwithi ezinamandla zenzeka ngemimoya efikelela kwi-285 km / h. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhankanywe ukuba okwangoku uxinzelelo lweatmosfera lungaphantsi ngama-30% kunolo lwaselwandle. Le ngenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo zomoya ezichaphazela bonke abagibeli njengoko beza kwingqungquthela.
Iimitha ezimbalwa ezantsi kwale ngqungquthela yindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "ndawo yokusweleka". Eli gama libangelwa kukuba ukunqongophala kweoksijini kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu apho le ndawo ifunyenwe abangele ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi.
Ukuba sihlalutya iprofayile ye-troposphere ekuphakameni, siyabona ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyancipha njengoko siqhubela phambili kubude. Kukwanjalo kuxinzelelo lomoya. Ke, xa sifika kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zeHimalaya sinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu. Ezi meko zokusingqongileyo zibangela ukuba ikhephu nekhephu lomkhenkce lonyuke. Kwelinye icala, njengokuba sisihla sinyuka, bobabini ubushushu, uxinzelelo luyonyuka kwaye nenani lekhephu liyancipha. Le yindlela esinokuthi silibone kakuhle iliwa ekwakhiwe ngalo uluhlu lweentaba.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Everest
I-Everest yenziwe ngamatye aliqela asongelweyo kunye namatye e-metamorphic agqunywe phantse ngokusisigxina ngumkhenkce nakwikhephu, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu. La matye asetyenziswe kwiminyaka emininzi. Ukuthetha malunga nokusekwa kwale ncopho kusenza ukuba sithethe ngayo yonke into ebunjiweyo kwiiHimalaya. Sibuyele umva Ngexesha lokugqibela kwePaleozoic nasekuqaleni kweMesozoic, apho ilizwekazi eliphambili elaziwa njengePangea yayikukuphela kwesiqwenga somhlaba kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Malunga nezigidi ezili-180 zeminyaka eyadlulayo umphezulu weli zwekazi yaqala ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokuhamba kwangaphakathi kweplanethi. Kwavela izihlwele ezibini zomhlaba ezazibizwa ngokuba yiLaurasia kunye neGondwana. Ukusuka kolu luvo, sibona indlela ilizwekazi laseIndiya elahlulwa ngayo eAsia. Yaqala ukufudukela emantla de yangqubana neAsia kwaye yabangela indyikitya yokufa yeIndica. Ukutshona kolunye uhlobo lwesitshabalalisi phantsi kwenye kwakubangelwa kukungafani koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu kwaye ke oko kwabangela ukuba umhlaba uqhume kwaye wenze uluhlu lweHimalaya. Siyayazi loo Everest Imalunga neminyaka engama-60 ezigidi ubudala.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Ayisiyomtsalane kuphela kubahambi kunye nabakhenkethi, kodwa ikwangumbala wezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba kwelona nqanaba liphezulu le-Everest kukho ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu noxinzelelo lomoya, ukuhlala kwezilwanyana ezininzi kunye nezityalo kuthintelwe. Zizilwanyana ezithile kuphela ezikwaziyo ukuhlala kumphezulu womhlaba kodwa zithintelwe kakhulu. Umzekelo woku yi-yak. Zizilwanyana ezinemiphunga emikhulu ebavumela ukuba baphile kwiindawo ezifikelela kwi-6.000 yeemitha zokuphakama. Kwelinye icala, kukho ezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezifana amachweba ahlawulwa emthubi anokubhabha aye kutsho kwi-8.000 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Ezinye zezilwanyana ezinokuphila kwezi ndawo ziipandas ezibomvu, iibhere ezimnyama zaseHimalaya, ingwe yekhephu, ezinye iintlobo zesigcawu, amanqe kunye nezinye iipikas. Le yokugqibela ibalekela ezintabeni ngamaxesha athile onyaka.
Ngokubhekisele kwizityalo, ayihlukanga kangako ukuya kuthi ga kumatye apho sinokubona ubulembu, nangona ukusukela kubude beemitha ezingama-4876, unokufumana kuphela ubulembu kunye nezityalo ezenza imitya. Ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-5600 zobude akukho luhlaza konke konke.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi nge-Everest kunye neempawu zayo.