Amatye eMetamorphic

Las Amatye eMetamorphic Ziliqela lamatye enziwa bubukho bezinye izinto ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, yonke le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yimetamorphism. Ukuguqulwa kwayo kwaba sisiphumo soluhlu lwemineralogical kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo olwaguqula ilitye lokuqala libe lilitye le-metamorphic. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo, kungakho ulwahlulo phakathi kwamatye e-igneous kunye ne-metamorphic, ukusuka apho azalelwe khona. Uphononongo lwala matye lunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nazo zonke iinkqubo zejoloji ezenzeka eMhlabeni kunye nendlela ezinokutshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, ukubunjwa kunye nemvelaphi yamatye e-metamorphic.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Amatye e-Metamorphic aguqulwa yi-thermal, uxinzelelo, kunye neenkqubo zemichiza. Ngokuqhelekileyo ungcwatywe kakuhle ngaphantsi komphezulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwezi meko zinzima kuye kwatshintsha i-mineralogy yelitye, ukuthungwa, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zamatye e-metamorphic: amatye e-Metamorphic

• foliate ezifana ne-gneiss, i-phyllite, i-shale, kunye ne-slate, ephuhlisa imbonakalo edibeneyo okanye edibeneyo ngenxa yokufudumala kunye noxinzelelo lwesikhokelo; Y
• hayi foliated ezifana neebhastile ngaphandle kwamagqabi kunye ne-quartzites ngaphandle kokubonakala kweemaleko okanye iibhendi.

Amatye e-Metamorphic mhlawumbi awona aziwayo kwaye ahlala ebhidekile okanye adityaniswa nabanye ngabo bangezongcali kwi-geology kunye ne-petrology. Nangona kunjalo, La matye akaninzi kakhulu emhlabeni kuphela, zikwayimveliso ekhethwayo kwizinto ezininzi zokwakheka komhlaba kunye ne-tectonic, ezinje ngokusekwa kweentaba.

Uphononongo lwamatye e-metamorphic lubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda i-geological evolution yomhlaba. Kwakhona, oku kufuneka kube nomdla omkhulu kubaqokeleli bezimbiwa, amatye e-metamorphic amele indawo eqhelekileyo yejoloji apho ezininzi iintlobo zeeminerali ezifunwa kakhulu zinokufunyanwa, njengegarnet kunye neberyl. Iseti yazo zonke izinto ezibangela ukuba amatye aguquke abe ngamatye amatsha kuthiwa yi-metamorphism, igama elithatyathwe kwigama lesiGrike elithetha intsingiselo. .

i-metamorphism kumatye e-metamorphic

Amatye e-Metamorphic akhiwa yi-solid-state recrystallization of preexisting rocks, mhlawumbi kwizikali ezinkulu okanye zendawo, ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye / okanye ukushisa okuphezulu okwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye nesiphumo seenkqubo ezithile ze-geological.

Oku kuthetha ukuba xa naluphi na uhlobo lwelitye (nokuba liyi-igneous, sedimentary, okanye metamorphic) liqina, likwiimeko zephysicochemical ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kunelitye lokuqala. yayikwi-balance, idala uhlobo olutsha lwamatye... Oku kuya kwahluka kwintsusa yesakhiwo, ubume, imineralogy, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwakheka kweekhemikhali (xa isenzo se-leachate eneminerali iphinda iphazamise i-metamorphism).

i-metamorphism yengingqi

I-metamorphism yengingqi yenzeke xa amatye esiswa kubunzulu obukhulu ngokumalunga nalapho asuka khona. Ubungakanani be-metamorphism yengingqi buxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubunzulu, kuba ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lonyuka ngobunzulu. Amatye anokwakheka okufanayo kokuqala kunye nokutshintsha okunyukayo benza uthotho lwemetamorphic apho sifumana njengomzekelo wodongwe olubumba amanye amatye. Umzekelo, indawo ephantsi ye-metamorphic rock is slate, eyenza iinqwelomoya ezihambelanayo emva kwe-metamorphism. Eminye imizekelo yi quartzites kunye ne magmatic rocks.

i-metamorphism yoqhagamshelwano

Olu hlobo lwe-metamorphism lwenzeka xa amatye ethathwa yi-magma ephakama ukusuka kwiindawo ezinzulu ukuya phezulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ibizwa ngokuba "unxibelelwano."

Le nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya ukuvuselelwa kwakhona kwezimbiwa ezikhoyo, ezithi bafumana izakhiwo ezintsha kunye nemilinganiselo. Oku kubangelwa kumanzi okufumana iminerali njengoko ubushushu bukhula. Ibhastile ngumzekelo welitye elinjalo.

i-fission metamorphism

Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-metamorphism lwenzeka kumatye angaphezulu athi axinzelelwe xa intshukumo yoqweqwe lomhlaba iwatyhalela kwelinye. Iqondo le-metamorphism lixhomekeke kubukhulu boxinzelelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha iiminerali ezintsha ezinkulu zenziwe, kule mizekelo sinokufumana i-mylonite.

Izinto eziluncedo zamatye e-metamorphic

Inkqubo ye-metamorphism ibangela utshintsho oluninzi kula matye, phakathi kwawo ukwanda koxinano, ukwandiswa kweekristale, ukuhlaziywa kwee-grains zamaminerali kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaminerali aphantsi kweqondo lokushisa libe ngamaminerali aphezulu. Le migaqo yiyiphi amatye anokuthi ahlelwe ngayo, kodwa siza kuchaza uphawu ngalunye lwala matye, ngokuqhelekileyo siza kuthetha ngamatye aqhelekileyo, kuba kukho iindidi ezininzi zamatye kweli qela, siza kuqala ngale nto:

• Isileyiti kunye nephyllite: Eli litye linomfanekiso ocolekileyo kakhulu. Ikakhulu iqulethwe ngamanqwanqwa e-silicates kunye ne-quartz; feldspar ikwakhona rhoqo. Ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa kwe-phyllosilicates, amatye ahlanjululwe kwaye athambekele kwi-fission. Zingamatye angasetyenziswayo namhlanje, kodwa asetyenziselwe ukuthintela amanzi kumaphahla.
• Shale: Eli litye linomlinganiselo ophakathi ukuya kwi-coarse grained texture kunye ne-foliation ecacileyo, kwaye i-mineral grains kule meko inokuhlukaniswa ngeso lenyama. Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwamatye kulwakhiwo, kuba lunamandla kakhulu kwaye luhlala luhlala. Imithombo yayo ingaba ngudongwe kunye nodaka, kuquka iinkqubo eziphakathi.
• Gneiss: Imvelaphi yayo iyafana namaminerali e-granite (i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica), kodwa ine-orientation ye-zonal, kunye neethoni ezikhanyayo kunye nezimnyama ezibangelwa yizimbiwa nazo ziyimveliso ye-metamorphism ye-igneous and sedimentary rocks. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakhona kugxininiswe kwizakhiwo, ngakumbi ekubunjweni komonakalo we-pixelated, amatye e-cobblestones, njl.
• Imarble: Ubume beli litye busuka kwi-fine to thick, imvelaphi yayo isuka kwi-limestone ukuya kwi-crystallization, eli litye linokuvela kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-metamorphism, magma, hydrothermal, sedimentation, njl. Ukongezelela, i-calcium carbonate inika imibala eyahlukeneyo kwi-marble kwaye ichaza iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo. Usetyenziso lwayo lususela ekuhombiseni ukuya kuthi ga ekusetyenzisweni kobugcisa kunye ne-archaeology.
• I-Quartzite: Njengoko igama layo libonisa, eli litye liqulunqwe kakhulu ngamaminerali e-quartz kwaye inesakhiwo esingenamagqabi, esifunyenwe njengesakhiwo se-shale ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwakhona kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ze-metallurgical kunye nokuveliswa kwezitena ze-silica, ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngamatye okuhlobisa kwi-architecture kunye ne-sculpture.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namatye e-metamorphic kunye neempawu zabo.