Las IVoyager iyaphanda ziyimbalasane ekuhlolisisweni kwesibhakabhaka yaye zibonisa eyona misebenzi mikhulu yenzululwazi yoluntu. Ezi ziphekepheke, ezaziwa ngokuba yiVoyager 1 kunye neVoyager 2, zasungulwa yiNASA ngo-1977 ngenjongo yokufunda ngeeplanethi ezingaphandle zesixokelelwano sethu selanga.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, ukubaluleka kunye neentshukumo zeVoyager probes.
IVoyager iyaphanda
Yaziswa kwi-NASA's Kennedy Space Centre eCape Canaveral, eFlorida, iVoyager 1 luphando lwasesibhakabhakeni olungenamntu olwathi lwanduluka kwimishini yalo ngoSeptemba 5, 1977 nge-rocket ye-Titan IIIE. Ihlala isebenza kwaye ngoku isendleleni eya kwiincam ezingaphandle zesixokelelwano sokukhanya kwelanga. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukuphonononga kunye nokuphanda le mimandla ingaphononongwanga yecosmos.
Eyona njongo iphambili yohambo lwentombi lukaVoyager 1 yayikukuphonononga iJupiter kunye neSaturn, bethatha ithuba lendawo abakuyo kwaye besebenzisa inoveli yobuchwephesha bokunyusa umxhuzulane. Le ndlela yavumela uthumo ukuba aphande iiplanethi ezininzi, okukhokelela kwiindleko ezibalulekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha leprojekthi.
IVoyager 1, nangona yasungulwa emva kwewele layo, iVoyager 2, yayinendlela yobuthunywa enesantya esiphezulu, okwamvumela ukuba afikelele kwiJupiter ngaphambili. Iifoto zayo zokuqala zikaJupiter zathathwa ngoJanuwari 1979, kwaye eyona ndlela isondeleyo yayo yafunyanwa ngoMatshi 5, 1979, xa yayikumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-278 kuphela. Ekuhambeni komsebenzi wayo kuJupiter, yathatha imifanekiso eyi-000 iyonke ngexesha eliphela ngo-Epreli.
Iziphumo zeVoyager probe
Ngenxa yokusondela kwesi siphekepheke enyangeni, uJupiter wakwazi ukubona intaba-mlilo okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngaphandle kwesi sijikelezi-langa sethu. Oku kufunyaniswe kwenziwa emva kokuhlalutya ifoto ukuba yathathwa kwiiyure ezininzi emva kwe-flyby, eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphambili kwi-Pioneer 10 kunye ne-11. Uninzi lwemigqaliselo yemagnethi yeJupiter, iinyanga, iimeko zokusasazeka kwemitha, kunye nezangqa ziye zabanjwa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 ngenxa yeso sigqibo siphezulu esinokufezekiswa kolu gxininiso lusondeleyo.
Emva kokuba iqhutywe ngumtsalane weJupiter, ngoNovemba 12, 1980, yafikelela ngempumelelo kwiSaturn, isondela kwiikhilomitha ezili-124 ukusuka emhlabeni. Ngethuba lohambo lwakhe, waqokelela idatha ebalulekileyo kwi umoya weSaturn kunye nenyanga yayo enkulu, iTitan, kuphela iikhilomitha ezingama-6.500 ukusuka kweyamva. Ukongeza, wafumanisa nezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yeringi yesijikelezi-langa.
Emva kokuqinisekisa ubukho be-atmosfera kwi-Titan, abasebenzi abaphethe i-Voyager 1 mission benza isigqibo sokuyijika indlela yabo ukuya kule satellite. Oku kwakuthetha ukuphoswa zizigaba ezilandelayo zemishini eya eUranus neNeptune, endaweni yoko zaphononongwa yiVoyager 2. Ibhabhathane lesibini leTitan laphumela ekwandeni komtsalane womxhuzulane, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ikhukuliseke ngaphandle kwenqwelo-moya ye-ecliptic yaze yaphela. . umsebenzi wakhe weplanethi.
Iimpawu zombini
Ngesantya se-17 km ngomzuzwana, iVoyager 1 ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona nto ikude eyenziwe ngumntu ukusuka eMhlabeni, kwaye ukusukela nge-17 ka-Agasti 2010, yarekhodwa ukuba ikude ne-17,1 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka elangeni.
Njengomlingani wayo, IVoyager 2, iVoyager 1 imalunga ne-3,35 yeemitha ubude. Uninzi lwamalungu ayo e-elektroniki abekwe ngaphakathi kwisiphekepheke. Ifumaneka phezulu kumbindi womzimba wenqanawa yi-3,7 yemitha yeCassegrain reflector, esebenza njenge-antenna yokuzuza okuphezulu. Ukongeza, amaqonga amane asuka emacaleni esiphekepheke.
Isiphekepheke seVoyager 1, esihamba umgama omde ukusuka eLangeni, sithembele kwiijenereyitha ezintathu zeradioisotope thermoelectric (RTGs) ngamandla aso. Ezi jenereyitha ziguqula ubushushu obusuka ekuqhekekeni kweplutonium bube ngumbane, obukwazi ukuvelisa ukuya kutsho kuma-475 W. amandla ombane. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-interplanetary probes ezisebenzisa iipaneli zelanga, IVoyager 1 inikwa amandla zezi jenereyitha.
Kwelinye icala, iVoyager 2 ibalasele ngokuqina kwayo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, olu phando lusaqhubeka nokuthumela idatha exabisekileyo evela kwimida yesijikelezi-langa sethu. Amandla ayo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zendawo enzulu zibubungqina bobunjineli bezinga eliphezulu kunye nokunyamekela okunyamekileyo okuye kwayila.
Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zenzululwazi zangoku, IVoyager 2 ibonelele ngolwazi olungazange lubekho ngaphambili malunga neeplanethi ezinkulu kwisixokelelwano selanga esingaphandle. Ebhodini kukho "irekhodi yegolide" eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Earth Sound Record". Eli cwecwe liqulethe ukhetho lwezandi kunye nomculo ovela kwiplanethi yethu, kunye nemifanekiso kunye nemiyalezo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, ejoliswe ukunxibelelana neyantlukwano kunye nobomi obusemhlabeni kuzo naziphi na iifom zobomi obukrelekrele iprobe enokudibana nayo kuhambo lwayo olude emhlabeni.
Ngokwesantya, iyodlula iVoyager 1. Njengoko ihlehla eMhlabeni, ikwazile ukoyisa imida yenkqubo yethu yelanga kwaye ingene kwi-interstellar space, yaba sisiphekepheke sesibini ukwenza oko emva kwewele laso, iVoyager 1. Lo msebenzi ungakholelekiyo uye wavumela izazinzulu ukuba zifunde ngeemeko ezikummandla ongaphandle kommandla wethu weenkwenkwezi zize zifumane ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngeheliopause, ummandla apho umoya welanga udibana khona. phakathi.
Umnqophiso oye wanda ixesha elide
Nge-Epreli 8, 2011, I-Voyager 1 yayihambe umgama ozibhiliyoni ezi-17.490 zeekhilomitha ukusuka eLangeni, ukufikelela kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiHeliopause. Lo ngumda apho amandla eLanga aqala ukuhla kwaye isithuba se-interstellar ngaphaya siqala ukubamba. Kulo mmandla mkhulu, impembelelo yemitha evela kwizidalwa ezikude ezisesibhakabhakeni ivakala ngamandla.
Ukuza kuthi, alukho olunye uphando oluthe lwasungulwa olukwazile ukodlula iVoyager 1. Ngokutsho kwabalawuli bemishini, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuba isiphekepheke sihlala sisebenza ngelixa sinqumla i-heliopause, ephawula ukumka kwaso kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa, siya kuba yinto yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu ukuya kwisithuba esiphakathi kweenkwenkwezi. Esi siganeko siyimbali siya kuvumela izazinzulu ukuba zilinganise ngokuthe ngqo iimeko zendawo ephakathi kweenkwenkwezi, ezinokunikela inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngemvelaphi neempawu zendalo iphela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Voyager probes kunye neempawu zabo.