Waa markii ugu horeysay ee la helo wasakhowga nanoplastic ee tiirarka Dhulka. Wasakhowga Nanoplastic wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybo yaryar, oo loo yaqaan nanoplastics, oo ay ku jiraan boodhka taayirka. Waxaa la yaab leh in wasakheynta caagagga caalamiga ah laga helay muunado xudunta barafka laga soo bilaabo 50 sano ka hor.
Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato wasakhowga nanoplastic, asalkiisa, cawaaqibka caafimaadka iyo cilmi baarista la samaynayo, waxaan ku sharaxnay hoos.
Wasakhda Nanoplastic ee laga helay labada gobol ee polar
Waa markii ugu horeysay ee wasakheynta nanoplastics lagu arko gobollada dacallada. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in walxahan yaryar ay hadda laga helay adduunka oo dhan. Nanoparticles aad ayey uga yar yihiin cabbirkooda marka loo eego microplastics. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sunteedu aad bay u sarraysaa, guud ahaan. Inkasta oo saamaynta caafimaadka bini'aadamka, labadaba nanoplastics iyo microplastics, aanay caddayn.
Falanqaynta xudunta xaashida barafka ee Greenland ayaa muujinaysa taas wasakhowga nanoplastic wuxuu wasakheeyey meelaha fog fog ugu yaraan 50 sano. Cilmi-baarayaasha ayaa sidoo kale la yaabay inay ogaadeen in rubuc ka mid ah walxahaas ay ka yimaadeen taayirada baabuurta. Nanoparticles ayaa cufan aad u hooseeya, sidaas darteed waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay geeyeen Greenland dabaylo ka yimid magaalooyin ku yaal Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Aasiya. Nanoplastics-ka laga helay barafka badda ee McMurdo Sound ee Antarctica waxay u badan tahay in loo qaado qaaradaha fog fog iyadoo loo marayo qulqulka badda.
Saynis yahanadu waxay soo sheegeen 18-kii Jannaayo in balaastiiggu ay qayb ka tahay isku darka wasakhowga kiimikaad ee ku dhex faafay meeraha si ka baxsan xadka badbaadada leh ee bini'aadamka. Wasakhowga caaga ah ayaa laga helay korka buurta Everest ilaa moolka badda. Dadka ayaa caan ku ah inay cunaan oo neefsadaan microplastics-ka iyagoon ka warqabin, daraasad kale oo dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa lagu ogaaday Walxahaasi waxay dhaawac u geysan karaan unugyada aadanaha. Dušan Materić oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Utrecht ee dalka Nederlaan, oo hoggaaminayey cilmi-baadhistan cusub, ayaa sheegay inay ka heleen cidhifyada ugu fog meeraha Nanoplastics oo ay ku jiraan Antarctica iyo Arctic. Nanoplastics marka la barbar dhigo microplastics aad bay u firfircoon yihiin, markaa tani aad bay u habboon tahay.
Wasakhowga Nanoplastic: wax ku cusub qarnigan ma jiro
Barafka Greenland ayaa leh 14 mitir qoto dheer oo waxay matalaan koofiyadaha barafka ee soo socda ilaa sanadka 1965. Materić wuxuu sheegay in waxa runtii isaga la yaabay aysan ahayn in ay heleen nanoplastics halkaas, laakiin xaqiiqda ah in la ogaaday dhammaan xudunta barafka. Inkasta oo nanoplastics loo tixgeliyey wasakh cusub, dhab ahaantii waxay jirtay tobanaan sano. Microplastics ayaa mar hore laga helay barafka Arctic, laakiin kooxda Materić waa inay horumariyaan habab cusub oo lagu ogaanayo si ay u falanqeeyaan nanoparticles yaryar. Shaqadii hore ayaa sidoo kale soo jeedisay in xirashada taayirka boodhka laga yaabo inay tahay isha ugu weyn ee microplastics ee badda, daraasadda cusub ayaa caddaynaysa in tani ay ka dhacayso adduunka oo dhan.
Xaggee nanoplastics ka yimaadaan?
Grønland, kala badh nanoplastics-yada waa polyetylen (PE), kaas oo lagu isticmaalo bacaha balaastiga ah iyo baakadaha loo sameeyay isticmaalka kali ah. Rubuc waa granules taayirka iyo shanaad waa polyetylen terephthalate (PET), kaas oo lagu isticmaalo dhalooyinka cabitaanka iyo dharka.
Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, waxaa jiray aragti ah balaastikada aan la soo koobi karin ee ku jirta badaha. Marka loo eego daraasad la sameeyay, isha ugu weyn ee balaastikada ayaa ah masaxadaha la tuuri karo, baakadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka la kaxeeyo. Kala bar nanoplastics-ka barafka Antarctic sidoo kale waa PE, laakiin polypropylene waa tan labaad ee ugu caansan, oo loo isticmaalo weelasha cuntada iyo tuubooyinka. Wax taayir ah lagama helin Antarctica, oo ka fog meelaha dadku ku badan yahay. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay tijaabiyeen oo keliya bartamaha xudunta barafka si ay uga fogaadaan wasakheynta, waxayna ku tijaabiyeen nidaamkooda muunad kantarool ah oo biyo saafi ah.
Cilmi-baaris hore ayaa laga helay nanoparticles balaastiig ah oo ku yaal webiyada UK, biyaha badda ee Waqooyiga Atlantic iyo harooyinka Siberian, iyo baraf ku yaal Buuraha Alps ee Austria. Mattridge wuxuu ka faallooday in, wakhtigaas, meelaha kulul loo malaynayo inay yihiin qaaradaha ay dadku ku nool yihiin.
Saamaynta caafimaadka xun
Nanoplastics waxay soo bandhigtaa saameyn xun oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan noolaha. Soo-gaadhista bini'aadamka ee nanoplastics waxay keeni kartaa cytotoxicity neefsiga iyo xiidmaha iyo caabuq. Hadda kooxda Mattridge waxay ku jiraan hawl cilmi baaris halkaas oo marka hore ay tahay inay si sax ah u qiimeeyaan heerka faddaraynta ka dibna ay qiimeeyaan xaalada aan ku jirno. Inkastoo ay weli jiraan su'aalo badan oo laga jawaabayo.
Cilmi-baadhis lagu sameeyay saamaynta caafimaad ee wasakhowga caagga ah ayaa bilaabmaya, Dr Fay Couceirona waxa uu hoggaaminayaa koox cusub oo ku saabsan microplastics-ka Jaamacadda Portsmouth, UK. Mashruucii ugu horeeyay, oo ay iska kaashanayaan Isbitaalka NHS ee Jaamacadda Portsmouth, waxay baari doonaan joogitaanka microplastics ee sambabada bukaanada qaba cudurada sambabada ee joogtada ah (COPD) iyo neefta. Daraasada oo uu hogaaminayo Dr. Fay Couceiro ayaa baari doonta in qolalka roogagga ah ee dhowaan la sameeyay ama kuwa faaruqiyay, kuwaas oo yeelan kara heerar sare oo fiilooyinka hawada ah, ay kicin karaan xaaladda bukaanka. Waxa ku bilaabmay qiimaynta waxyeelada deegaanka ee ay balaastiggu keenaan waxa ay kicisay walaac isa soo taraya oo ku saabsan saamaynta ay nuugista iyo nuugista microplastics ay ku soo saari karaan jidhkeena.
Cilmi baaris uu dhawaan sameeyay ayaa soo jeedinaysa dadku waxay ku neefsan karaan inta u dhaxaysa 2000 iyo 7000 microplastics guryahooda maalin kasta. Professor Anoop Jivan Chauhan, oo ku takhasusay neefsashada ee NHS kana tirsan Kulliyada Isbitaalka Portsmouth, ayaa soo jeedinaya in tirooyinkani ay yihiin kuwo aad loola yaabay. Mid kasta oo naga mid ah Waxaannu neefsan karnaa ama liqi karnaa ilaa 1,8 milyan oo microplastics sannad kasta, iyo mar jidhka, way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in ayan keenin dhaawac aan la soo celin karin.
Waxaan rajeynayaa in macluumaadkan aad wax badan ka baran karto wasakheynta nanoplastic.