Pakati pemakomo anoputika muEurope yese pane iyo Gomo rinoputika. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seGomo reEtna uye igomo rinoputika riri kumabvazuva kwemahombekombe eSicily muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheItari. Inoonekwa seakanyanya kuputika gomo muEurope yese sezvo ichiputika makore mashoma apfuura. Iyo volcano inokwezva yakawanda yekushanya uye ndiyo sosi huru yemari yechitsuwa.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza nezve hunhu, kuputika uye kuda kuziva kwegomo reEtna.
Mhando huru
Iyi gomo rinoputika pamusoro peguta reCatania pachiwi cheSicily. Chave chichikura kwemakore angangoita mazana mashanu ezviuru uye chakave nekuteedzana kwekuputika kwakatanga muna 500.000. Chakave nekuputika kwakati wandei, kusanganisira kuputika kwechisimba uye kuyerera kukuru kwemabota. Vanopfuura 25% yevagari veSicily vanogara pamateru eGomo reEtna, inova ndiyo sosi huru yemari yechitsuwa ichi, kusanganisira chekurima (nekuda kwevhu rayo rakapfuma) uye nekushanya.
Pakukwirira kwemamita anodarika mazana matatu nemazana matatu, ndiyo gomo rakakwirira kwazvo uye rakapamhamha kwazvo mukondinendi yeEuropean, gomo refu-soro mubheseni reMediterranean uye gomo refu kwazvo muItari kumaodzanyemba kweAlps. Inotarisa Gungwa reIonia kumabvazuva, rwizi Simito kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba, uye rwizi Alcantara kuchamhembe.
Volcano inovhara nharaunda inosvika chiuru nemazana matanhatu emakiromita, ine dhayamita ingangoita makiromita makumi matatu nemashanu kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, denderedzwa anenge makiromita mazana maviri uye vhoriyamu ingangoita mazana mashanu emakiromita.
Kubva pamwero wegungwa kusvika pamusoro pegomo, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza uye shanduko yekugara inoshamisa, pamwe nezvishamiso zvaro zvakasikwa. Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti nzvimbo ino ive yakasarudzika kune vanofamba-famba, vanotora mifananidzo, vezvisikwa, vezvikomo, rusununguko rwemweya, uye vanoda zvisikwa zvepasi neparadhiso. Eastern Sicily inoratidza dzakasiyana siyana nzvimboAsi kubva kune iyo geological maonero, iyo zvakare inopa zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa.
Etna volcano geology
Hunhu hwayo hwe geological hunoratidza kuti iyo Etna Volcano yanga ichishanda kubvira kupera kweNeogene (ndiko kuti, ekupedzisira mamirioni 2,6 emakore). Iyi volcano ine inopfuura imwechete nzvimbo yekuitira. Akawanda macone echipiri anoumbwa mumatanda anotsemuka anotambanuka kubva pakati kusvika kumativi. Chimiro chazvino chegomo iri mhedzisiro yezviitiko zveanenge maviri makuru nzvimbo dzekuputika.
Padaro remakiromita angangoita mazana maviri, kupfuura nemumatunhu eMessina, Catania neSirakuse, kune maviri akasiyana tectonic mahwendefa ane akasiyana kwazvo matombo mhando, kubva metamorphic matombo kune igneous matombo uye sediment, nzvimbo yekutapa, akawanda matunhu zvikanganiso. Gomo reEtna, makomo anoputika muAeolian Islands uye nzvimbo dzakaputika dzechinyakare chakaitika pabani reMakomo eIbleos.
Iko kune gobvu rakadzika sedimentary pasi peGomo reEtna, iro rinogona kusvika pakukwirira kwemamita chiuru, zvichiita kukora kwedombo rinoputika akaunganidzwa mumakore mazana mashanu ezviuru angangoita zviuru zviviri zvemamita.
Mativi ekuchamhembe nekumadokero ematombo ari pasi pegomo iri Miocene ivhu-turbidite akateedzana (akaumbwa nezvidimbu zvinotakurwa nemafungu egungwa), nepo kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva matombo akapfuma emumvura kubva kuPleistocene.
Pane zvinopesana, nekuda kweiyo hydrogeology yeiyi volcano, iyo nzvimbo yakapfuma mumvura kupfuura iyo yese yeSicily. Muchokwadi, mabota anonyanya kuputika, anoita kunge aquiferi, uye anogara pane isina-porous, isingapindike sedimentary base. Tinogona kufungidzira Gomo Etna se chipanji chihombe chinogona kupinza mvura yechando nechando chematsutso. Yese iyi mvura inofamba nemutumbi wegomo uye pakupedzisira inobuda muzvitubu, kunyanya padhuze nepakati pematombo asingapindike uye anokwanisika.
Eruption uye tectonic mahwendefa eEtna gomo
Pakati pa2002 na2003, yakakura kwazvo dzakateerana nekuputika kwemakomo mumakore mazhinji yakaburitsa yakawanda yemadota, izvo zvinogona kuoneka zviri nyore kubva muchadenga, kuenda kuLibhiya, kune rimwe divi reMediterranean Sea.
Kudengenyeka kwepasi panguva yekuputika kwakakonzera divi rekumabvazuva kwegomo rinoputika pasi pemamita maviri, uye dzimba zhinji parutivi pegomo dzakakuvara. Kuputika kwacho kwakaparadza zvachose Rifugio Sapienza kumaodzanyemba kwegomo.
Kune dzidziso dzakawanda dzekuti nei gomo reEtna richishanda kudaro. Kufanana nemamwe makomo eMediterranean akaita seStromboli neVesuvius, iri pamuganho wekutora, uye iyo African tectonic plate inosundirwa pasi peplate yeEurasia. Kunyangwe dzichiita senge dziri padyo nenzvimbo, gomo reEtna rakanyatsosiyana nemamwe makomo. Icho chiri chaizvo chikamu cheakasiyana volcano arc. Iyo Etna, pachinzvimbo chekugara yakanangana munzvimbo yekutapa, inogara pamberi payo chaipo.
Inowanikwa pane chinokanganisa chinoshanda pakati peiyo Africa ndiro neIonia microplate, ivo vanotsvedza pamwechete pasi peiyo Eurasian ndiro. Humbowo huripo hunoratidza kuti mahwendefa eionic akareruka anogona kunge akatyoka, mamwe acho akasundidzirwa kumashure nemapureti akaremerwa eAfrica. Magma yakananga kubva pajasi rePasi inonwiwa nenzvimbo inoumbwa neyakarerekera ionic ndiro.
Ichi chiitiko chinogona kutsanangura mhando yemabota akagadzirwa nekuputika kweGomo reEtna, rakafanana nerudzi rwemabota anogadzirwa pamwe chete nemakadzika akadzika egungwa, uko magma ehembe akamanikidzwa kupfuura nepakati peganda. Lava kubva kumamwe makomo ndeerudzi rwunogadzirwa nekunyungudika kwechakange chiripo pane kuputika kwechidziro chejasi.
Curiosities
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvikuru zvegomo rino zvinotevera:
- Yakaonekwa mu Star Wars bhaisikopo
- Paive nekuedza kwakawanda kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kwakatyisidzira kuparadza guta reCatania.
- Iyo stratovolcano. Rudzi urwu rwekuputika runofungidzirwa seimwe yengozi zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuputika kwayo kwakanyanya kuputika.
- Zita raEtna rinoreva "Ini ndinopisa."
- Mamwe mabota anobva kugomo rine makore mazana matatu nemazana matatu.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegomo reEtna nehunhu hwayo.