Iyo glaciation uye chando zera

Pakati pemamirioni ese emakore apfuura kubvira pakaumbwa Nyika, pakave nenguva dzemazaya echando. Ivo vanodanwa sa chando Age. Iyi inguva yenguva apo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inoitika iyo inoderedza tembiricha yepasi rose. Ivo vanozviita nenzira yekuti yakawanda yepasi pevhu inotonhora pamusoro. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kana iwe uchitaura nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze unofanirwa kuve nereferensi yekuzviisa iwe pachako mukutarisa kwepasi redu.

Iwe unoda kuziva here maitiro eiyo glaciation uye chando zera repasi redu? Pano isu tinoratidza zvese.

Hunhu hwechando zera

Zera rechando rinotsanangurwa senguva yenguva inoratidzwa nekuvapo zvachose kwechivharo chakawandisa chechando. Iyi chando inosvika kune imwe chete yematanda. Pasi rinozivikanwa kuti rakapfuura 90% yenguva yayo mukati memamiriyoni ekupedzisira emakore mu1% yetembiricha inotonhora kwazvo. Aya tembiricha akaderera kubva makore ekupedzisira emamiriyoni mazana mashanu. Mune mamwe mazwi, Pasi rakabatwa munzvimbo inotonhora zvakanyanya. Iyi nguva inozivikanwa seQuaternary Ice Age.

Makore mana ekupedzisira echando akaitika na Makore zana nemakumi mashanu emakore. Naizvozvo masayendisiti anofunga kuti anokonzerwa neshanduko yenyika kana shanduko yezuva. Mamwe masayendisiti anoda tsananguro yepasi. Semuenzaniso, kutaridzika kwezera rechando rinonongedzera kune kugoverwa kwemakondinendi kana kuwanda kwemweya wegreenhouse.

Zvinoenderana nedudziro ye glaciation, inguva inozivikanwa nekuvapo kwechando machira pamatanda. Nemutemo iwoyo wevatatu, izvozvi isu takanyudzwa munguva yechando, sezvo machipisi anogara anenge gumi muzana yepasi rese.

Glaciation inonzwisiswa senhambo yenguva yechando umo tembiricha yakaderera kwazvo pasi rose. Iwo makapu echando, semhedzisiro, anowedzera akananga kumativi ezasi uye anotonga makondinendi. Mazaya echando akawanikwa mumatunhu equator. Yekupedzisira chando zera rakaitika anenge zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemakore apfuura.

Anozivikanwa mazera echando

Kune bazi resainzi iro rinoona nezve kudzidza magirazi echando. Zviri nezve glaciology. Ndiwo mutariri wekufunda ese kuratidzwa kwemvura mune yakasimba mamiriro. Iine mvura mune yakasimba mamiriro ivo vanoreva kune echando, chando, chimvuramabwe, chando, chando uye zvimwe zvimiro.

Imwe neimwe glaciation nguva yakakamurwa kuita mbiri nguva: glacial uye interglacial. Iwo ekutanga ndeaya mune mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akanyanyisa uye chando chinoitika kwese kwese pasi pano. Kune rimwe divi, vanovharirana vane hunyanzvi, sezvavari nhasi.

Kusvika pari zvino, nguva shanu dzechando zera dzinozivikanwa uye dzakasimbiswa: Quaternary, Karoo, Andean-Saharan, Cryogenic neHuronia. Zvese izvi zvakaitika kubva panguva yekuumbwa kwePasi.

Mazera echando anozivikanwa kwete chete nemadonhwe anopinza mukushisa, asiwo nekukurumidza kumuka.

Iyo Quaternary nguva yakatanga mamirioni 2,58 emakore apfuura uye inogara kusvika nhasi uno. Iyo Karoo, inozivikanwa zvakare sePermo-Carboniferous nguva, yaive yeyakareba kwazvo, yakagara makore angangoita miriyoni zana, pakati pemakore mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu apfuura.

Kune rimwe divi, iyo Andean-Saharan glacial nguva yakangotora chete mamirioni makumi matatu emakore uye yakaitika pakati pe30 ne450 makore apfuura. Iyo yakanyanyisa nguva iyo yakaitika pane yedu epasi hapana mubvunzo ndeye cryogenic. Ino ndiyo nguva yechando yakanyanyisa muhupenyu hwese hwenyika. Panguva ino zvinofungidzirwa kuti chando chakafukidza makondinendi chakasvika kuequator yenyika.

Iyo Huronian glaciation yakatanga makore mabhiriyoni maviri nezana apfuura uye yakapera angangoita mazana maviri nemazana apfuura.

Nguva yekupedzisira yechando

Isu tiri parizvino munguva yekudyidzana mukati meiyo Quaternary glaciation. Iyo nzvimbo inogarwa neyemakorari makapu inosvika gumi muzana yepasi rese. Humbowo hunotitaurira kuti mukati menguva yemakoto, pakave nemazera mazhinji echando.

Kana huwandu hwevanhu hwunoreva "Iyo Ice Age" zvinoreva kune yekupedzisira nguva yechando yeiyi Quaternary nguva. Quaternary yakatanga Makore makumi maviri nezviuru apfuura uye akapera angangoita makore zviuru gumi nemazana nemana apfuura Izvo zvakaitika panguva imwe chete mune ese hemispheres. Iwo makuru ekuwedzera echando akasvika kuchamhembe kwenyika. MuEurope, chando chakakwira, ichifukidza Great Britain, Germany nePoland. Yese yeNorth America yakavigwa pasi pechando.

Mushure mekutonhora, mwero wegungwa wakadzika nemamita zana nemakumi matanhatu. Kukura kukuru kwegungwa nhasi kwaive kwenguva iyoyo panyika. Iyi data inonyanya kukosha kana uchidzidza hutachiona hwekushanduka kwehuwandu hwevanhu hwemhuka nemiti. Munguva yekufamba kwavo vachiyambuka nzvimbo dzechando munguva yechando, ivo vaikwanisa kuchinjanisa majeni uye kutamira kune mamwe makondinendi.

Kutenda kune yakadzika mwero wegungwa, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuenda netsoka kubva kuSiberia kuenda kuAlaska. Iwo makuru makuru echando vakasvika pakukora kwemamita 3.500 4.000 kusvika zviuru zvina, inovhara chetatu chenyika dzakabuda.

Nhasi, zvakaverengerwa kuti kana echando akasara akanyungudika, mwero wegungwa ungakwira pakati pemamita makumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe.

Zvinokonzera glaciation

Kufambira mberi uye kudzoka kwechando zvine hukama nekutonhora kwePasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neshanduko mu kuumbwa kwemuchadenga uye shanduko mukutenderera kwePasi kwakakomberedza Zuva. Zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa neshanduko mukutenderera kweZuva mukati medhara yedu, iyo Gwara Renzou.

Avo vanofunga kuti glaciation inokonzerwa nezvakakonzera zvemukati mePasi vanotenda kuti zvinokonzerwa nemasimba ematare etekoni uye nemhedzisiro yavo pamamiriro ezvinhu uye huwandu hwenzvimbo yegungwa neyepasi kumusoro kwepasi. Vamwe vanotenda kuti zvinokonzerwa neshanduko yezuva kana simba rePasi-Mwedzi.

Chekupedzisira pane dzidziso dzinobatanidza kukanganisa kwemeteorite kana kuputika kukuru kwemakomo neglaciation.

Izvo zvinokonzeresa zvakagara zvichikonzera gakava uye vesaenzi vanoti isu tave pedyo nekupedza ino nguva yekudyidzana. Iwe unofunga kuti kuchave kune itsva zera zera munguva pfupi?