Muchidzidzo che geology pane akati wandei akasiyana maumbirwo. Imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo akasiyana uye mavambo. Mumwe wavo ari sinkholes. Aya maumbirwo ane ngozi zvikuru kana akatibata tisina kungwarira. Uye ndezvekuti imhando yekuora mwoyo kwe geological kunoitika munzvimbo yechisikigo uye inogona kuumba pakati pegomba kana kupi zvako.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve sinkholes, maitiro avo uye kuumbwa.
Kuumbwa kwe sinkholes
Iyo sinkholes matsime epasi pevhu, akaumbwa munzvimbo inobata, asi hapana kunze kwekunze kwemvura, saka mvura inotanga kukanganisa zvinhu zvose zvinopfuura, ingave nzvimbo yepasi pevhu kana asphalt pachayo.
Kune marudzi matatu: mhando yemusango, chivharo chemhando uye rudzi rwekudonha. Zvinoitika zvoga kana pasina chinhu kana zvinomera pasi, saka mvura inotanga kunyungudika pamusoro uye pakupedzisira tsime rinoumba. Chifukidziro chinoitika kana pane jecha uye kana mvura inopinda muzvinhu, mvura inoyerera ichidzika. Rudzi rwekuputsika ndirwo rwune njodzi zvakanyanya, nekuti madhamu anotanga kuvhuvhuta asingazivi, kusvikira denga repamusoro raputsika uye zvose zvakaripoteredza zvinowira mugomba rakacherwa nemvura.
Muchidimbu, kutaridzika kwayo kune hukama nezvikonzero zvakasikwa, mabasa evanhu uye mvura. Kazhinji mvura kubva kumvura zhinji kana mvura iripo nekuda kwekuderera kwegungwa munzvimbo inozopedzisira yakanganisa imwe yematombo ari pasi pevhu, i.e. inokwanisa kushandura mamwe asiri epamusoro akaturikidzana. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuitika zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwedhishi.
Chekutanga, zvinogona kuitika kuti kune bako repasi pevhu ratinotsika, kunyangwe isu tisingazvizive, uye rinokanganisa sirin'i chaiyo. Uku kunogona kuve kukukurwa kwenzvimbo inodonha uye inozobuda pachena. Muchiitiko chechipiri zvinogona kuitika nokuti hapana mapako, uye kuita kwemvura kunonyungudutsa dombo rinonyatsobata ivhu, uye rinoitawo kuti riputsike, richigadzira aya akadzika-dzika enyika.
Kwazvinoitika
Kana zviremera zvikanyeverwa, zvingawana zvikwangwani zvomumugwagwa zvinonyevera nezvenjodzi inogona kuitika. Kana zvisina kudaro, teerera pasi, sezvo panogona kunge kune kuputika uye zvishoma gouge marks. Imwe nzira yekuona izvi kana ukaona zvirimwa zvichikura pedyo nepakatsemuka, zvinoreva kuti pasi pane mvura.
Kune akawanda anonakidza epasi pemvura sinkholes, uye kune kunyange mamwe aunogona kushanyira kana uri kuona nzvimbo. Izvi zvinowanzonzi "blue holes" uye dzinovhara nzvimbo huru. Semuyenzaniso, Pozzo del Mero muItaly inenge 400 metres kudzika uye Blue Hole yeDean muBahamas inonyura kupfuura 200 metres.
Izvo zvakaderera kune sinkholes ndezvekuti zvine njodzi. Hongu, zvese zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemakomba emvura anoumba, asi mumaguta anowanzo kukoromoka kusvika pakudonha, ndicho chikonzero anozopedzisira atungamira kurufu rwevanopfuura vasingafungire, uye. sei mota zhinji dzichiwira pasi zvakadzika. Chinonyanya kurwadza ndechekuti zvitunha zvevanhu vakawanda zvakamedzwa nemugodhi wemvura, nekuti dunhu iri harina kugadzikana, harichadzoreki.
Mienzaniso ye sinkholes
Munyu wedombo wakakomberedza Gungwa Rakafa kana kuti limestone yeYucatan Peninsula muMexico mimwe mienzaniso miviri yakanaka yokuumbwa kwomusikirwo kwemigero yokunyura munyika. MuSpain, imwe yemasikirwo ayo anonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anoyevedza ari Torcas del Palancar mudunhu reCuenca, iro. Yakave inoshamisa inokwezva vashanyi muAutonomous Community yeCastilla-La Mancha.
Chero zvazvingava, haasi ivhu rose rinoda kunyura zvakaenzana. Muchokwadi, iyo etymology yezwi rekuti dolina yakatanga muSlovenian, nekuti zviri nyore kuvawana munzvimbo idzi, kunyanya mudunhu reCarso. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemhando yevhu ravainaro, rinonyanya kuumbwa nematombo akatevedzana, akaita selimestone kana gypsum, ayo anobva aumbwa nemamineral anonyungudika kana asangana nemvura. Rudzi urwu rwekuzorodza kunonzi karst relief, zvichisiya nzvimbo yakasikwa inoyevedza yatinogona kunakidzwa nayo.
Uyewo, Kune marudzi akawanda emasinho anogona kugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, sump imhando ye denderedzwa sump inoshandiswa semugero wemvura inonaya mvura nenzizi diki; MaTollos anowanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo yeCastilla y León, yakafanana neinonyura, asi mvura yavanounganidza inoumba nekukurumidza. Vanotorwa nemhando yedombo.
Relief uye geology
Kuumbwa kwemasipiti kunoitika muvhu rakagadzirwa nematombo asingabereki akaumbwa kubva muvhu uye limestone, saka iyi haisi iyo yega nzira munzvimbo dzecalcareous. Izvi zvinoitika apo chikamu chemvura inonaya ikava mvura yepasi uye inoyerera pasi pedombo guru panguva imwe chete iyo yakawanda inoyerera mairi.
Nokuti mvura inonaya ine carbon dioxide inobva mumhepo, carbonation inoitika. Iyi carbon dioxide inopindirana ne calcium hydroxide mudombo uye inobudisa mvura uye calcium carbonate. Naizvozvo, Chero bedzi mvura inosvika pachiyero chinodiwa, matombo achanyunguduka uye anogara.
Aya ndiwo hwaro hwekwakabva karst modhi, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwema sinkholes. Mvura yepasi uye pasi pevhu zvishoma nezvishoma zvinonyungudutsa matombo. Nenzira iyi, maberere nemapako anoumbwa anobatanidza mvura mbiri idzi.
Nekuda kwekuparara zvishoma nezvishoma kwedombo, kuumbwa kwaro kunogona kunonoka kana kuumba kamwe kamwe nekuda kwekuputsika kwebako repasi pevhu. Muchiitiko chechipiri, inomirira ngozi yakakomba nokuda kwezvivako zviri panzvimbo yakakanganisika.
Rinenge gore rapfuura, chimwe chezviitiko izvi chakaonekwa muGuatemala, izvo zvakakonzera kutya uye, senguva dzose, zvakasvika pamhedziso dzechimbi-chimbi uye dzisiri dzakavakirwa pafungidziro uye kurwadziwa kwekuzvidira kwatakanga tabvuma. Tinogara tichinetswa nedzinonzi njodzi dziri kuuya, uye zvikonzero zvacho kana kuti zvikonzero zvinobvira hazvitauriki.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve sinkholes uye maitiro avo.