Munhu wenyama agara aine shungu yekuziva ese akasiyana anokanganisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo. Mhepo iyi yaive imwe yemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze ayo akamutsa kufarira kukuru nekuti yaisakwanisa kuyerwa zvakanaka uye yaisaonekwa neziso rakashama. Zvichienderana neshanduko iyi, anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore mushure mekuvakwa, ichakamira. Ndezve iyo shongwe yemhepo. Iyo iri munzvimbo yePaka muAtene padyo neRoma Agora uye pasi peAcropolis. Iyo ndiyo yekutanga kuvaka munhoroondo yese yaive yakanangana chete nekuita ekucherechedza mabasa mune meteorology.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe zvese nhoroondo, hunhu uye kukosha kweshongwe yemhepo.
Mhando huru
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare se Horologion kana Aérides, yakavakwa nemugadziri uye wezvemuchadenga Andrónico de Cirro muzana ramakore rekutanga BC. C., akatumwa nemugadziri Vitrubio uye wezvematongerwo enyika weRoma Marco Terencio Varrón. Iyo ine octagonal chirongwa uye ine dhayamita yemamita manomwe uye kukwirira ingangoita gumi nematatu metres. Icho chimwe cheakanyanya kusarudzika ane chivakwa ichi uye chinoita kuti chive chakasarudzika. Uye icho chiri icho chimiro chakashandira mashandisiro akati wandei. Kune rimwe divi, yaive tembere yakakumikidzwa kuna Aeolus, aive Baba wemhepo mungano dzechiGiriki, saka yaishandira mune yechinamato. Kune rimwe divi, yaive yekucherechedza kweiyi meteorological musiyano, saka yaivewo nebasa rayo resainzi.
Imwe neimwe yemhepo dzaivhuvhuta muClassical Greece yakazivikanwa saMwari uye vese vaive vanakomana vaAeolus. Kune maGreek ekare zvaive zvakakosha kuti uzive hunhu uye mavambo emhepo. Vaida kuziva kwakabva mhepo, nekuti raive guta rekutengesa raifamba Gungwa reMediterranean richishandisa seiri. Kubudirira uye kutadza kwezvekutengesa zviitiko zvaitsamira zvakanyanya pamhepo. Zvakajairika kuti nezvikepe zvekutyaira mhepo kana ichaita basa rakakosha mukutakura zvinhu. Zvese izvi zvaive zvikonzero zvakakwana zvekuda kudzidza zvese nezve mhepo zvakadzama. Apa ndipo panobva kukosha kweshongwe yemhepo.
Ichokwadi chekuti iyo Shongwe yeMhepo yakasarudzwa padyo neRoma Agora (nzvimbo yemusika) haina kuita netsaona. Vatengesi vaive nekwaniso yeruzivo runobatsira zvido zvavo uye vaigona kuchinjana zvirinani.
Kubva kweshongwe yemhepo
Sezvataona, mhepo ndiyo imwe yemhando yepamusoro yemamiriro ekunze yekuziva panguva iyoyo. Vatengesi vanogona kuve neakanaka sosi yeruzivo inobatsira kwazvo kune zvavo zvido. Zvichienderana nekutungamira kwaiitwa nemhepo, kunonoka kana kufambira mberi kwezvimwe zvikepe kuchiteshi zvinogona kufungidzirwa. Aigona zvakare kuziva zvine mutsindo kuti zvaizotora nguva yakareba sei kuti zvinhu zvake zvisvike kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kuti uone kana dzimwe nzendo dzaive nedzinobatsira, kusiyanisa kwemhepo kwakashandiswa. Kana iwe waida kuita dzimwe nzendo nekukurumidza uye kukurumidza, unogona zvirinani kuronga imwe nzira kana imwe zvinoenderana nesimba uye mhando yemhepo yanga ichivhuvhuta.
Kuumbwa kweshongwe yemhepo
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa cheshongwe yemhepo chiri muchikamu chayo chepamusoro. Imwe yeanofuratidzwa masere eshongwe inoguma nemhepo ine bas-zororo rinopfuura matatu metres kureba. Pano mhepo inomiririrwa uye mune yega yega inoita kunge ndiyo inovhuvhuta kubva panzvimbo payakatarisa. Mhepo sere dzakasarudzwa naAndrónico de Cirro dzinowirirana chikamu chikuru neavo vekambasi yaAristotle yakasimuka. Ngatione kuti ndedzipi mhepo dzinogona kuwanikwa mushongwe yemhepo: Bóreas (N), Kaikias (NE), Céfiro (E), Euro (SE), Notos (S), Miromo kana Libis (SO), Apeliotes (O) uye Skiron (NO).
Denga iro rakaumbika muchimiro pakutanga raive kubva pashongwe uye rakapfekedzwa korona nemufananidzo webhuronzi inotenderera Triton Mwari. Iyi nhamba yeTriton Mwari aimboita seane mamiriro ekunze. Mamiriro ekunze anoshandiswa kuziva mafambiro emhepo. Muruoko rwake rwerudyi akatakura tsvimbo yairatidza kwaibva mhepo kwaibva uye yakazviita nenzira yakafanana neizvo bhaudhi remamiriro ekunze ane mamiriro anoita. Kuti upedze ruzivo pamusoro pemhepo yakawanikwa mune yekuongorora, pakanga paine maquadad ezuva pane iwo mafafitera ari pazasi memafriezes. Aya maquadrants aive nekushomeka kwedzidziso uye akatibvumidza kuziva nguva yezuva apo mhepo yaive ichivhuvhuta. Nenzira iyi vaigona kuziva zvakanaka kana makore akafukidza zuva uye nguva achishandisa hydraulic wachi.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa
Nekuti ichi chivakwa chiri muchimiro chakanaka, chakapihwa kuti chiongorore uye chidzidze pamwe nekunyaradzwa uye nehanya. Icho chiri pasina mubvunzo chimwe chekaresa anozivikanwa masainzi monument. Zvinangwa zvikuru zveshongwe iyi zvaive zvakawanda. Vakashanda kuyera nguva ichienderera kufamba kwezuva nezuva uye nenguva kwezuva nekutenda kumaquadrants akanyorwa kumativi aro masere. Mativi aya akavakwa nemabhuru epamhepo. Mukati maive newachi yemvura iyo ichine zvisaririra uye iwe unogona kuona mapaipi akatungamira mvura kubva kuzvitubu zviri kumateru eAcropolis neaya aishandira kupa nzira kune yakawandisa.
Yaive iyo hourglass yaitaridza maawa ezuva kana kwaive nemakore uye husiku. Denga rinoumba mhando yepiramidhi guta re matombo ematombo ane radial majoini akafukidzwa nematiles. Yatove iri pakati panowanikwa vane mamiriro ekunze muchimiro che newt kana humwe humwari hwemumvura.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve shongwe yemhepo uye hunhu hwayo.