Sezvatakambokurukura muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inowedzera kuwanda uye kusimba kwezviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya senge kusanaya kwemvura. Kusanaya kwenguva refu uye kwakanyanya kunotyisidzira kupedza matura edu emvura uye izvi zvinotipinza mungozi.
Zvese zvekushandisa mumaindasitiri, senge zvekurima uye zvekushandisa kwevanhu uye kupa, mvura yakakosha uye yakakosha sosi. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kweshanduko yemamiriro ekunze mumabheseni eSpain kunogona kukura kudarika izvo zvinofungidzirwa muHydrological Plans, maererano neongororo yakaitwa nevatsvagiri vePolytechnic University yeValencia (UPV) iri yeInstitute of Water and Environment Engineering (IIAMA).
Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisa sei zviwanikwa zvemvura?
Kana kusanaya kwemvura kuchideredza kunaya kwegore negore, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinoderera mushure mekushandisa nekushandisa. Mukuwedzera, kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera kuti kuwedzera kwetembiricha mukati megore rose kunowedzera huwandu hwemvura yakachengetwa inopwa uye isingachabatsira. Aya maficha haana kunyatso kutariswa mune akawanda hydrological kuronga muSpain.
Tsvagurudzo yemhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pazvirongwa zvehydrological yakagadziriswa naPatricia Marcos uye yakaburitswa mumagazini yesainzi Ingeniería del Agua. Tsvagurudzo iyi inosimbisa kushomeka kwenzira yakapihwa muSpain kuti ikwanise kubatanidza zvese zvinokanganisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze mukati mekuronga kwemvura.
Mukutsvagurudza vanowana mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti manejimendi manejimendi muSpain inongotarisa kudzikiswa kwemvura kubva kunaya uye haifunge nezve kusiyaniswa kwenzvimbo mukati memuganhu mumwechete wehydrological. Ndokureva, zvinokanganisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze hazvinzwisise miganho yemvura inoitwa nevanhu, asi zvinokanganisa kuwedzera kwese zvakaenzana. Chirongwa chehydrological yenharaunda yakazvimiririra inogona kufunga zvimwe zvinhu uye rimwe zano rinofungisisa zvimwe, asi, zvisinei, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ine zvimiro zvakafanana.
Zvipenga zvemvura zveSpain zviri munjodzi
Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora kukanganisika kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane zviwanikwa zvemvura zvemuJúcar rwizi rwekushandisa, tichifunga mamiriro azvino ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye tichienzanisa mhedzisiro yemhando nhatu dzemafungidziro emvura. Zvakawonekwa zvakare kuti zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakadzikiswa sei munguva pfupi nepakati nepakati uye kuti zvichawedzerwa sei. Zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinotarisirwa ivo vachaderera ne12%, asi iyo ongororo inofungidzira kudzikiswa kwe20-21% munguva pfupi uye 29-36% munguva yepakati.
Uku kudzikiswa kwemidziyo yemvura hakufungidzirwe muzvirongwa zvekusanaya kwemvura kwenharaunda dzakazvimiririra. Muchokwadi, zvakawanikwa kuti mumakore achangopfuura pakatove nekuderedzwa kwakafanana neakaiswa muChirongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo iyi yakaratidza kusagadzikana kukuru pamusoro pehuwandu hwekudzikira kwesosi, yakatorwa mumamirire ekunze uye, kusvika padiki padiki, kubva kune emhando yemvura.
Kuona huwandu hwekudzikiswa kwemidziyo yemvura hakuna kungoenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kana fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze, asi zvakare nezvimwe zvinhu, senge tembiricha, hutongi hwemhepo, kuwedzera kudiwa uye huwandu hwevanhu, zvinodiwa pakurima, nezvimwe zvinhu. Ndokusaka iyo tsvagiridzo ichikurudzira kuita kuronga kunoitirwa kwete kungoona kudzikiswa uye muzana yezviwanikwa zvemvura, asi kukwanisa kuongorora kusimba (kugona kugadzirisa uye kutakura mitoro) iyo mvura yakachengetwa ine mukutarisana nemamiriro ekushushikana. Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dziri panjodzi yekukanganisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye nekutsanangura matanho ekugadzirisa.
Sezvauri kuona, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kutyisidzira matura edu emvura. Mvura chinhu chakakosha zvakanyanya uye chakakosha chatinofanira kuchengetedza.