Europe ine netiweki yenzizi dzinoyerera zvakanaka uye dzinopa mvura kuvanhu. Iyo rwizi rurefu muEurope Inobva kuRwizi rweVolga. Inoyerera nepakati nepakati peRussia uye inosvika kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, ichidira muGungwa reCaspian. Nzvimbo yayo yekubata ndeye 1.360.000 km2. Inoonekwa seyakareba rwizi muEurope uye ine yakasarudzika hunhu.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezverwizi rurefu muEurope uye hunhu hwayo.
Mhando huru
Rwizi rweVolga runobva kuGomo reValdai pakati peMoscow neSaint Petersburg uye inodira muGungwa reCaspian. Haisi rwizi rurefu chete muEurope, asiwo rwizi rukuru. Iyo yakareba makiromita 3.690 uye ine avhareji kuyerera kwema 8.000 cubic metres pasekondi.
Bheseni rayo remvura rinofukidza nzvimbo inosvika 1.350.000 mativi emakiromita, iri pachinzvimbo chegumi nepfumbamwe. Iro zvakare rwizi rukuru muEurope maererano nekubuda uye kubuda. Inowanzoonekwa senzizi yenyika yeRussia. Nyika yekare yeRussia, iyo khanate yeRussia, yakasimuka yakatenderedza Rwizi rweVolga.
Nhoroondo, inzvimbo yakakosha yekupindirana kwemaEurasia. Rwizi urwu runoyerera nemumasango, masango emawere uye huswa muRussia. Anana emaguta gumi makuru muRussia, kusanganisira guta guru renyika reMoscow, ari munzvimbo yeVolga Rwizi. Mamwe emadhamu akakura kwazvo pasi rese ari pedyo neRwizi rweVolga.
Iyo ndeyeye yakavharwa bheseni reGungwa reCaspian uye ndiro rwizi rurefu kupfuura rwunoyerera kupinda mubhasi rakavharwa. Rwizi rweVolga runokwira kubva kuMakomo eValdai pakukwirira kwemamita 225 kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweMoscow uye anenge makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSaint Petersburg, uye runoyerera kumabvazuva kuburikidza neLake Strzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk neYaroslav Russia, Nizhny Novgorod neKazan. Kubva ipapo inotendeukira kumaodzanyemba, ichipfuura mamwe maguta mashoma uyezve ichipinda muGungwa reCaspian pazasi peAstrakhan. 28 metres pazasi pegungwa.
Panzvimbo yayo yakakosha, inopoterera yakananga kuna Don. Muchikamu chepamusoro cheRwizi rweVolga padyo neStaritsa, Rwizi rweVolga muna 1912 rwakave nemitero mizhinji, yakakoshesa yaive Rwizi rweKama, Rwizi rweOka, Rwizi rweVetluga, uye Rwizi rweSura. IVolga nematanho ayo anoumba iyo Volga Rwizi system, iyo inoyerera ichipinda munzvimbo ingangoita 1.350.000 mativi emakiromita munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda muRussia.
Muromo werwizi rurefu muEurope
Ramba uchifunga kuti rwizi rurefu muEurope runofanira kuve nemuromo muhombe. Muromo waro muhurefu hwemakiromita angangoita zana nemakumi matanhatu uye unosanganisira anosvika mazana mashanu emitezo nenzizi diki. Chikepe chikuru muEurope ndiyo chete nzvimbo muRussia kwaunogona kuwana mhuka senge maFlamingos, pelicans uye lotus. Nekuda kwechando chakanyanya munzvimbo ino yeRussia, inowanzo kuve chando kune mazhinji ehurefu hwerwizi rwese kwemwedzi mitatu yegore. Mwedzi yechando rwizi rurefu muEurope rwazara nechando.
Rwizi rweVolga runodhonza mazhinji ekumadokero kweRussia. Mazhinji emadhamu ayo makuru anopa kudiridza uye magetsi emagetsi. Kureba kwerwizi urwu kunoshandiswa kuwedzera kuburitswa kwesimba rinowedzerwazve kupihwa hydraulic kusvetuka kunogona kuvakwa pamwe nerwizi rurefu muEurope. Canal yeMoscow, iyo Volga-Don Canal, uye yeVolga-Baltic yemvura inogadzira nzira yemukati yepasi inobatanidza Moscow neGungwa Dzvuku, Gungwa reBaltic, Gungwa reCaspian, Gungwa reAzov, uye Gungwa Dema.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwerwizi rurefu kwazvo muEurope
Matunhu akakwirira ekushatiswa kwemakemikari akakanganisa rwizi rweVolga nenzvimbo yazvinogara. Izvo zvinomera nemhuka zvinokanganiswa nezviito zvemunhu munzira yese. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye inguva yeindasitiri, pane zvakawanda zvinoburitswa izvo zvinopedzisira zvosvibisa mvura uye zvichikonzera zvisikwa nenzvimbo dzemarudzi mazhinji emiti nemhuka kukanganiswa zvisirizvo.
Mupata werwizi une huwandu hwakawanda hwekubereka uye unogadzira gorosi yakawanda. Iyo zvakare ine yakafuma zvicherwa zviwanikwa. Indasitiri huru yemafuta yakaiswa muVolga River basin. Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira gasi rechisikigo, munyu, nepotash fetiraiza. Volga Delta uye Gungwa reCaspian inzvimbo dzekuredza. Astrakhan, iri mudelta, ndiyo iri pakati peindasitiri yecaviar.
Imwe yemhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yerwizi rurefu muEurope ndeyekuti inowanzo shandiswa pakufambisa. Nekuda kwekuvakwa kwemadhamu akakura mukati memakore ekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, rwizi rweVolga rwakawedzera zvishoma. Izvo zvakakosha kwazvo kwekufambisa uye yekumakungwa kufamba muRussia sezvo madhamhu ese erwizi akave akashongedzerwa nekiyi dzezvikepe nemidziyo ine huremu hwakakura. Iyi ngarava dzese dzinogona kufamba kubva kuGungwa reCaspian kusvika kunosvika kumagumo erwizi munzvimbo yepamusoro.
Navigation uye kusvibiswa mumatunhu
Iko kusvibiswa kwerwizi rurefu muEurope yakangokura chete kubvira panguva yeindasitiri. Zvakaonekwa kuti mu2016, muganho unobvumidzwa wevasungwa wemafuta uye zvigadzirwa kubva murwizi rwemvura zvakawedzera zvichienzaniswa neongororo imwecheteyo yakaitwa muna 2015. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, kusangana kwevakasvibisa muna 2016 kwakaramba kuchiwedzera mugore rese.
Zvigadzirwa zvine huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachiona hwakawanikwa zvinosanganisira iron, mercury, uye nickel. Mukutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu wegore iro, Mutungamiriri weRussia, VaMedvedev vakaburitsa mirairo yakakodzera yekumhanyisa chirongwa chekuchenesa Rwizi rweVolga. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwunopihwa neRussia Ministry of Natural, kuitiswa kweiyo Volga rwizi kuchenesa chirongwa kuchadhura anenge 34,4 bhiriyoni, kana madhora zviuru mazana mashanu nemakumi masere emadhora ekuAmerica.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezverwizi rurefu muEurope uye hunhu hwayo.