El Rwizi rweJoridhani irwizi rudiki rwakareba makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi maviri. Inotangira muMakomo eAnti-Lebanon kuchamhembe kweIsrael, ichidira muGungwa reGarireya nechekuchamhembe kweGomo reHermoni, uye ichiperera paGungwa Rakafa kumagumo ekumaodzanyemba. Inoumba mutsetse wemuganhu pakati peJorodhani neIsraeri. Rwizi rwaJoridhani ndirwo rwizi rukuru, rutsvene uye rwakakosha zvikuru muNyika Tsvene uye runotaurwa kakawanda muBhaibheri.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza ese maitiro, nhoroondo, geology uye kukosha kweRwizi rweJoridhani.
Mhando huru
Imwe yedzakasiyana yeRwizi Jorodhani ndeyekuti kureba kwemakiromita anopfuura 360, asi nekuda kwekufamba kwayo, chinhambwe chaicho pakati pekwarinobva neGungwa Rakafa chiri pasi pe200 kilometres. Mushure megore ra1948, rwizi rwakaratidza muganho pakati peIsrael neJoridhani, kubva kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reGarireya kusvika kunoyerera rwizi Abis kubva kumabvazuva (kuruboshwe).
Nekudaro, kubvira 1967, apo mauto eIsrael paakatora West Bank (ndiko kuti, nzvimbo yeWest Bank kumaodzanyemba kwekusangana kwayo neRwizi rweIbis), Rwizi rweJoridhani rwakatambanudzira kumaodzanyemba kugungwa senzira yekumisa pfuti.
VaGiriki vaidaidza rwizi kuti Aulon uye dzimwe nguva maArabu vaiidana kuti Al-Sharī'ah ("nzvimbo yemvura yekunwa"). VaKristu, vaJudha nevaMuslim vanoremekedza Rwizi rweJorodhani. Mumvura dzayo ndimo makabhabhatidzwa Jesu naJohane mubhabhatidzi mutsvene. Rwizi rwagara rwuri nzvimbo tsvene yechitendero uye nzvimbo yekubhabhatidzira.
Rwizi rwaJoridhani rune manyuko makuru matatu, ose anotangira mujinga meGomo reHemoni. Yakareba pane idzi iḤāṣbānī, pedyo neḤāṣbayyā muLebanon, pamafiti 1800. (550m). Rwizi rwaBanias runopfuura nomuSiria ruchibva kumabvazuva. Pakati pane Rwizi rwaDhani, rune mvura inozorodza zvikuru.
Mukati meIsraeri, idzi nzizi nhatu dzinosangana muMupata weHula. Bani re<em>Ḥula pakutanga raigarwa nemadziva nemachakwi, asi kuma1950 makiromita anenge 60 kumativi ose akadirwa mvura kuti ave minda yokurima. Muma1990, chikamu chikuru cheuriri hwemupata chakanga chaparadzwa uye zvikamu zvakanga zvanyura.
Kwakasarudzwa kuchengetedza dhamu nenzvimbo yakapoteredza senzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yezvisikwa, uye mamwe emaruva nemhuka, kunyanya shiri dzinotama, dzakadzokera kunzvimbo. Kumugumo wokumaodzanyemba kwomupata, Rwizi rwaJoridhani runodimbura gomba nomumuganhu webasalt. Rwizi rwacho runoyerera ruchidzika rwakananga kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe kweGungwa reGarireya.
Kuumbwa kweRwizi rweJorodhani
Rwizi rweJorodhani rwuri pamusoro peMupata weJorodhani, kuderera kwepasi pakati peIsrael neJorodhani kwakaumbwa panguva yeMiocene apo ndiro yeArabia yakaenda kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva kubva kuAfrica yanhasi. Pashure pemakore miriyoni imwe chete, nyika yakasimuka uye gungwa rakaserera. Triassic neMesozoic strata zvakawanikwa kumabvazuva-pakati peJorodhani Mupata.
Flora nemhuka dzeRwizi rwaJoridhani
Rwizi rwaJoridhani pasina mubvunzo runoyerera nepakati peimwe yenzvimbo dzakaoma dzeNear East. Zvizhinji zve ivhu rakaorera rinowanikwa kuWest Bank uye kumabvazuva nekumadokero kumahombekombe eRwizi rweJorodhani. Mubheseni iri unogona kuwana kubva kunzvimbo dziri pasi peMediteraniya dzine hunyoro kuenda kunzvimbo dzakaoma uko mhuka dzinochinjirwa kugara.
Kunewo hove dzakadai Luciobarbus longiceps, Acanthobrama lissneri, Haplochromis flaviijosephi, Pseudophoxinus libani, Salaria fluviatilis, Zenarchopterus dispar, Pseudophoxinus drusensis, Garra ghorensis uye Oxynoemacheilus insignis.; molluscs melanopsis ammonis y melanopsis costata uye crustaceans kufanana Potamoni potamios uye avo verudzi rweEmerita. Mubheseni munogara mhuka dzinoyamwisa semakonzo Mus macedonicus uye Eurasian otter (lutra lutra); zvipembenene zvakadai Calopteryx syriaca neshiri dzakaita sehando reSinai (Carpodacus synoicu).
Kana iri maruva, makwenzi, makwenzi uye huswa zvinotungamira, uye pamapoinzi kumusoro kunomera miorivhi, misidhari, eucalyptus, kunyange mioki nemipaini, uye munzvimbo dzekupedzisira makwenzi ane minzwa anokura.
Kukosha kwehupfumi
Mvura yeRwizi rweJorodhani ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kukosha muIsraeri. Yakawanda yemvura inoshandiswa kutsigira kurima nekurima, uye sezvo huwandu hwevanhu vemurwizi hunokura uye hupfumi huchisimukira, kudhonza mvura kunokosha kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevagari. Jorodhani chete inogamuchira mamiriyoni makumi mashanu emacubic metres emvura kubva kuRwizi rweJorodhani.
Zvinodiwa zvemvura zvekurima nezvekushandisa mudzimba zvakanyanya; kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoda mvura zvechikamu cheindasitiri idiki kwazvo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba uye kukura kwemaindasitiri muGulf yeAqaba maindasitiri nzvimbo uye dunhu reGungwa Rakafa.
Zvinotyisa
Rwizi rwaJoridhani rwaimbova rwizi rwakajeka uye rwakachengetedzeka. Mumutemo, rwizi rwunopfuura nepakati peimwe yenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye isina mvura pasi rose, saka kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvaro kunowanzopfuura kugona kwayo kudzoreredza. Inofungidzirwa kuti kuyerera kwerwizi kwakadzikiswa kusvika pa2% yekuyerera kwayo kwekutanga. Kufefetedza kwakanyanya, mamiriro ekunze akaoma, uye kupomba kwakanyanya zvinotungamira mukuzara kwemunyu. Muchidimbu, vanhu vane hanya nezveramangwana reRwizi rwaJodhani nevanhu vari mugomba rarwo.
Kuti vadzivise zvinetso zvakakomba zvemhoteredzo, mamwe masangano nehurumende vakaungana kuti vatarise kutarisira kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvenzizi. Rukova rune mvura yakachena munharaunda yakaoma yeMiddle East, Rwizi rwaJodhani chinhu chinokosha, chakasiyana, uye chinokosha kumamiriyoni evanhu vanogara pedyo narwo.
Yakarasa ingangoita 98% yekuyerera kwayo yakanyorwa kana nyika inoshandisa mvura yayo (Israel, Syria, Jordan nePalestine) zvichida zvichaoma mumakore mashoma anotevera. Pasina kongiri uye matanho anoshanda. Israeri, Syria neJorodhani ndivo vane mhosva yekuputsika kweRwizi rweJorodhani, rwizi pakabhabhatidzirwa Jesu, urwo rwava mugero wetsvina wakavhurika kudenga umo zviuru zvemacubic metres emvura inoyerera. Mvura dzeGungwa reGarireya neGungwa Rakafa, makiromita 105 kumaodzanyemba, dziri kudururwa pamwero weanenge mabhiriyoni 1.300 emacubic metres pagore.
Nyika yeIsrael inogara ichiendesa mvura, iyo inomiririra inenge 46,47% yekuyerera kwekushandisa mudzimba uye kugadzirwa kwekurima; Siria i25,24%, Jordani 23,24% uye Palestine 5,05%. Naizvozvo, Rwizi rwaJoridhani harusati rwuchisiri chitubu chemvura yakachena yemhando yepamusoro, uye kuyerera kwaro zvino hakusviki 20-30 miriyoni cubic metres pagore.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveRwizi rweJoridhani uye maitiro aro.