El probe balloon kana stratospheric balloon ibhaluni rinokwanisa kufamba pamwe stratosphere kutora ruzivo nezve nharaunda. Iyo stratosphere inowanikwa pakakwirira pakati pegumi nemana kusvika makumi mashanu emakiromita uye ndipo pane iyo ozone rukoko. Iyo yakasarudzika yeiyo probe balloon ndeyekuti inoshanda seyesainzi yekushandisa chishandiso nekuda kwekugona kuita yakadzikama nendege kwenguva refu muchikamu chikuru chemuchadenga. Dzimwe mota senge ndege kana maroketi ekuongorora hazvigone kugara kwenguva yakakwana mukukwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana.
Muchikamu chino ticha tsanangura zvese maficha, zvishandiso uye mashandisiro ebhaluni probe.
Mhando huru
Iko kushanda kweiyi probe balloon kunoenderana neArchimedes 'musimboti. Zvinotora mukana wekukwira kumusoro kunoitwa negasi iri rakareruka kupfuura mweya. Senguva dzose, hydrogen kana helium inoshandiswa muchikamu chakaringana kuitira kuti ugone kuwedzera hita mumhepo. Ine hurongwa hune zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: iro chibharumu pacharo neinonzi chitima chekubhururuka panowanikwa zviridzwa zvinodiwa kuti uwane ruzivo kubva kuferefetwa.
Ngatione izvo zviridzwa zvaunazvo kuti uwane ruzivo:
- Iyo ine mashandiro ayo anoshanda kupatsanura mubhadharo.
- Izvo zvine parachuti yekugona kupora uye zvishandiso zvishoma nezvishoma uye pasina kukuvadza.
- Iyo ine yekutaurirana sisitimu yekukwanisa kugamuchira nekufambisa mirairo ipapo zvese zviri zviviri zve pasi pamwe nezviridzwa zviri mubhodhi.
- Yayo telemetry system inokwanisa kuyera nemazvo chaizvo kukwirira, tembiricha, kumanikidza uye chinzvimbo chese system pane chero kukwirira.
- Iyo ine chinyararire chekuratidzira senge radar.
- Iyo ine dzakasiyana nzira dzekusarudza ballast.
- Simba rayo guru sosi mabhatiri uye, kwenguva refu nzendo, magetsi ezuva.
Zvichienderana nemhando yekucherechedzwa, mubhadharo unowanzoiswa muchimiro chemidziyo chinonzi gondola. Iyo gondola inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza zviridzwa zvekuyera. Muchato uyu une basa rekudzikisira kukanganisa kumhara kana kunobatsira senzira yekubatanidza nzira dzakanangana nekunongedza kana midziyo yakamanikidzwa.
Mhando dzebhaluni probe
Kune akawanda marudzi ebhaluni catheters zvinoenderana nechinangwa chikuru. Kunze kwemhando dziripo maererano nechimiro, saizi, zvinhu kana nzira yekuvaka, isu tinozozvimisikidza pakupatsanura mhando dzemapuroni mabhaluni zvichienderana nekushanda kwavo. Kune akavhurika uye akavharwa ekuongorora mabhaluni.
Vhura probe mabhaluni anozivikanwawo nezita rekuti zero kumanikidza. Chikamu chavo chepasi chakavhurika nenzira yekuti kana gasi rakwira rinowedzera kusvikira rasvika padanho rekuenzana pakati pekumanikidza kwekunze nekunze. Chero kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kwemukati nekuda kwekudziya kunogadzirwa nezuva, zvinobva zvabhadharwa nenzira yemhepo inovhuvhuta gasi kubva muchikamu chayo chepasi kana nemachubhu emhepo akasungirirwa pairi.
Iwo akavharidzirwa ekuongorora mabhaluni ndeaya anozivikanwa nezita rekuti kudzvinyirira. Aya ndiwo makamuri akavharwa zvachose uye asina mvura isingatenderi mweya kuti upinde kana gasi kutiza. Kana paine kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kwemukati panguva yekukwira inotsigirwa neiyo envelopu yakasimbiswa yebhaluni. Iyi hamvuropu inokwanisa kuwedzera nenzira yekuti inosvika pakakwirira uye inopinda munzvimbo yekuenzana, ichizvidzivirira kubva pakukwira.
Zvishandiso uye kuvaka
Prote balloon inovakwa kubva kwakasiyana zvinhu zvine epurasitiki hunhu. Imwe yacho polyethylene uye mamwe multilayer nziyo ane akasiyana makomputa anotorwa kubva kwavari. Inowanzo kurapwa nemafirimu ayo anongova mashoma ma microns gobvu. Izvi zvinoita kuti vave nemapurasitiki akareruka uye asingagadzirike ayo anogona kumira nemamiriro akasiyana siyana, kunyangwe iwo akaomesesa mukubata.
Zvekugadzirwa kwerudzi urwu rwebharuti rekuongorora, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro zvinotemwa uye zvobatanidzwa pamwechete neimwe mhando yekupisa ine chinamatira iyo inogadzirirwa kunyatsoita huremu hwakawandisa kubhaluni. Chikamu chepamusoro chakabatanidzwa uye ndiro yepurasitiki inowedzerwa inozoshanda kukwira chibharumu usati watanga vharuvhu. Izvi zvinoshanda kubvumira gasi kutiza. Pazasi, mhete yealuminium inoiswa iyo inovhara, kunyange zvisiri zvizere, uye iyo yakasara yechitima chekubhururuka yakasungirirwa.
Kugona kuvaka iyi mhando yeprobal balloon, hombe zvivakwa inodiwa iyo ine nzvimbo hombe dzebasa dzekucheka nekunamira pasi pemunhu. Parizvino pane makambani mashoma ari kukwanisa kuvaka iwo. Zvinotora rinenge vhoriyamu padyo nemamirioni emamirimita uye, kana rapedzwa, uve nenzvimbo yakakwana ye polyethylene mahekita akati wandei.
Kutanga kweye probe balloon
Chinangwa chikuru chechikamu chekutanga ndechekugona kukwidziridza simudza pasina kukuvadza chibharumu. Kune akasiyana maitiro ekutanga. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana neyakavakirwa kwairi. Tinofanira kufunga nezvemamiriro ekunze, mhando yemubhadharo wekutakurwa uye huwandu hwebhaluni hunofanira kuvhurwa.
Aya marudzi ekuvhurwa anoderedzwa kuita maviri marudzi: static kuvhura umo chinzvimbo cheye mweya wakafemerwa unogadziriswa nenzira yekuti inowanzo gara pamutoro wayo. Kuvhura kwesimba kuri mune iyo yekutanga mota inoshandiswa nemutoro uri pasi pebhaluni uchisimudza kuti iutore mukana.
Munguva yekukwira kwebhaluni inotanga kubhadharisa kumhanya kunoenderana nehuremu hweseti uye neyakawedzera gasi iyo iro bubble rinobayiwa panguva yekukwira kwezvinhu izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti kusununguka kwekusununguka. Chikamu chinotyisa kwazvo chekubhururuka ndiyo iyo painosvika patopopause. Pano ndipo pane tembiricha inversion iyo inogona kukonzera kumwe kukundikana mumapere.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve probe balloon.