Mukati menguva yegeological tinogona kusiyanisa nguva dzakasiyana, maeon uye nguva umo nguva yakakamurwa zvinoenderana neiyo geological, mamiriro ekunze uye biodiversity shanduko. Imwe yematanho matatu akapatsanurwa script yePhanerozoic ndiyo Paleozoic. Ino inguva yeshanduko inoratidza kushanduka pakati pezvisikwa zvepakutanga kuenda kuzvinhu zvakasanduka zvakanyanya izvo zvinokwanisa kukunda nzvimbo dzepasi.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, mamiriro ekunze, maruva uye mhuka dzePaleozoic.
Mhando huru
Multicellular zvipenyu zvakaitwa dzakateedzana shanduko dzinovabvumidza kuti vagadzirise kune yepasi nharaunda, chakanyanya kukosha kuve kukura kwemaamniotic mazai. Kubva pamaonero egeology, biology uye mamiriro ekunze, iyo Paleozoic hapana mubvunzo inguva yekuchinja kukuru pasi. Mukufamba kwenguva kwayakatora, shanduko dzakaitika imwe mushure meimwe, mamwe acho akange akanyorwa zvakanaka, nepo mamwe asina kunyanyisa.
Paleozoic yakagara kubva Makore mamirioni 541 apfuura kusvika pamamirioni anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri emakore. Yakagara makore angangoita mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe. Munguva ino, hupenyu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzegungwa nenyika zvakaratidza kusiyanisa kukuru. Yakanga iri imwe yenguva apo zvipuka zvakave zvakasiyana siyana, zvichiwedzera hunyanzvi, uye zvichikwanisa kusiya nzvimbo dzekugara mugungwa uye kukunda nzvimbo yepasi.
Pakupera kwenguva ino, supercontinent yakaumbwa inonzi Pangea uye yakazopatsanurwa kuita kondinendi inozivikanwa nhasi. Pakati pePaleozoic, tembiricha yemamiriro ekunze yakachinja zvakanyanya. Kwenguva yakati inogara ichipisa uye ichinyorova, nepo dzimwe dzichideredzwa zvakanyanya. Zvikuru zvekuti pave paine akati wandei echando. Zvimwechetezvo, pakupera kwenguva ino, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akanyanya kusimba zvekuti chiitiko chakakura chekutsakatika chakaitika, chinonzi kutsakatika kwemazhinji, mune izvo 95% yezvisikwa zvinogara pasi zvakanyangarika.
Paleozoic Geology
Kubva pane maonero eiyo geological maonero, iyo Paleozoic yakachinja zvakanyanya. Chekutanga chiitiko che geological panguva iyi kwaive kupatsanurwa kwenyika huru inozivikanwa sePangea 1. Pangea 1 yakakamurwa kuita makondinendi akati wandei, ichipa chimiro chechitsuwa chakakomberedzwa nemakungwa asina kudzika. Izvi zviwi zvinotevera: Laurentia, Gondwana neSouth America.
Zvisinei nekuparadzaniswa uku, pamusoro pezviuru zvemakore zvitsuwa izvi zvakaswedera padhuze pamwechete uye pakupedzisira zvakagadzira supercontinent nyowani: Pangea II. Zvimwechetezvo, panguva ino zviitiko zviviri zvakakosha zvemageroji zvakaitika kuzorodza pasi: Caledonia orogeny uye Hercynian orogeny.
Munguva yekupedzisira mazana emamirioni emakore ePaleozoic, shanduko yenzvimbo dzakaitika nekuda kwenzvimbo huru dzenyika dzaivapo panguva iyoyo. Mukutanga kwePaleozoic, huwandu hwenyika idzi hwaive pedyo nequator. Laurentia, Gungwa reBaltic neSiberia vanosangana munzvimbo dzinopisa. Naizvozvo, Laurentia akatanga kutamira kuchamhembe.
Yakakomberedza nguva yeSilurian, iyo kondinendi inozivikanwa seGungwa reBaltic yakabatana naLaurentia. Kondinendi yakaumbwa pano inonzi Laurasia. Pakupedzisira, iyo supercontinent iyo yakazotangira muAfrica neSouth America yakabatana naLaurasia, vachiumba nyika inonzi Pangea.
Climate
Iko hakuna akawanda akavimbika marekodhi ezve izvo zvekutanga Paleozoic mamiriro ekunze anofanira kunge akaita. Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti nekuda kwegungwa rakakura, mamiriro ekunze anofanira kunge ari akadzikama uye ari mugungwa. Yepazasi Paleozoic Era yakaguma neI Ice Age, tembiricha yakaderera, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipenyu hwakafa. Gare gare yaive nguva yemamiriro ekunze akadzikama, kunze kwaipisa uye kwakanyorova, uye pakanga paine yakawanda carbon dioxide inowanikwa mumhepo.
Sezvo zvirimwa zvinogara munzvimbo dzepasi, oxygen mumhepo inowedzera, nepo carbon dioxide inoderera. Sezvo nguva yakafambira mberi, mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja. Pakupera kwePermian, mamiriro ekunze akaita kuti hupenyu hutadze kugadzikana. Kunyangwe hazvo zvikonzero zvekuchinja uku zvisati zvazivikanwa (pane fungidziro dzinoverengeka), chinozivikanwa ndechekuti mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza achinja uye tembiricha yakawedzera madhigirii mashoma, izvo zvadziisa mhepo.
Paleozoic Zvisikwa
Flora
MuPaleozoic, zvirimwa zvekutanga kana zvipuka-senge zvipuka zvaive algae uye fungi, izvo zvakagadziriswa munzvimbo dzekugara dzemumvura. Gare gare, muchikamu chinotevera chekugovaniswa kwenguva, zvinoratidzwa izvo yekutanga yakasvibira michero yakatanga kuoneka, nekuda kwechikamu chavo cheklorophyll, iyo yakatanga iyo photosynthesis maitiro, ayo anonyanya kukonzera okisijeni zvirimo mumhepo yepasi. Miti iyi ndeyechinyakare uye haina midziyo yekufambisa, saka inofanirwa kuve iri munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya.
Gare gare zvakatanga kuoneka zvinomera zvevascular. Izvi zvinomera zvine midziyo yeropa inoyerera (xylem uye phloem) inotora zvinovaka muviri uye kutenderera mvura kuburikidza nemidzi. Shure kwaizvozvo, iwo maruva akawedzera uye akasiyana siyana nekuwedzera. Mafosheni, mbeu dzakasimwa uye yekutanga miti mikuru yakaonekwa, uye ayo ari enhengo yeArcheopteryx akanakidzwa nembiri huru nekuti yaive yekutanga miti chaiyo kuoneka. Mosses ekutanga akaonekwawo muPaleozoic Era.
Uku kukura kukuru kwemiti kwakaramba kuripo kusvika kupera kwePermian, pakauya izvo zvinonzi "kufa kukuru", apo angangodaro marudzi ese emiti aigara pasi pano.
fauna of
Kune mhuka, iyo Paleozoic nguva zvakare inguva inoshanduka, nekuti muzvikamu zvitanhatu zvinoumba mwaka uno, mhuka dzinosiyana nekushandura, kubva kuzvisikwa zvidiki kusvika kune zvinokambaira, kutanga kutonga zvisikwa zvepasi.
Mukutanga kwePaleozoic, mhuka dzekutanga dzakacherechedzwa dzaive dzinonzi trilobites, mamwe ma vertebrate, mollusks, uye chordates. Kune zvakare maponji uye brachiopods. Gare gare, mapoka emhuka akazove akasiyana siyana. Semuenzaniso, cephalopods ine makomba, bivalves (mhuka dzine mahombekombe maviri) nemakorari akaonekwa. Uyezve, panguva ino, vamiririri vekutanga veEchinoderm phylum vakaonekwa.
Munguva yeSilurian nguva, hove yekutanga yakaonekwa. Vamiriri veboka iri hove dzejaya nehove dzisina shaya. Saizvozvowo, zvienzaniso zveboka reboka remamiririri zvakaonekwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvePaleozoic uye maitiro ayo.