El ozone (O3) imorekuru rakagadzirwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni. Iyo inoumbwa apo mamorekuru eokisijeni anonakidzwa zvakakwana kuti aputsike kuita maviri akasiyana esimba mazinga eatomu yeokisijeni, uye kudhumhana pakati peatomu akasiyana ndiko kunokonzera ozone. Iyo allotrope yeokisijeni, ndiko kuti, mhedzisiro yekugadziriswazve kwemaatomu eokisijeni kana mamorekuru aburitswa. Nokudaro, ndiyo inonyanya kushanda yeokisijeni.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezve ozone, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwehupenyu.
Chii chinonzi ozone
Ozone musanganiswa wegasi une ruvara rweblue. In liquid state, Iine indigo yebhuruu pakudziya kuri pasi -115ºC.Mukukosha kwayo, ozone ine oxidizing zvakanyanya, saka ine basa rekuuraya hutachiona, kuchenesa uye kubvisa pathogenic microorganisms, senge mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi, molds, spores, nezvimwe.
Ozone inogona kubvisa kunhuwa kwakashata nekurwisa zvakananga chinokonzera kunhuhwirira kwakashata (chinhu chinonhuwa) uye haiwedzeri chero humwe hwema semhepo inofefetera kuedza kuivhara. Kusiyana nemamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona, ozone igasi risina kugadzikana rinokurumidza kuora richiita okisijeni pasi pekuita kwechiedza, kupisa, electrostatic shocks, nezvimwe.., saka hazvizosiyi masara emakemikari.
Ozonization chero kurapwa kunoshandisa ozone. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwekurapa uku ndiko kusauraya utachiona uye deodorization uye kurapwa kwemvura uye kucheneswa. Nenzira iyi, pathogenic microorganisms uye kunhuhwirira kunogona kubviswa.
Ozone inogona kugadzirwa neozone generator kana ozone jenareta. Midziyo iyi inokwevera okisijeni mumhepo uye inogadzira kubuda kwemagetsi pama electrode (anonzi "corona effect"). Dhaunirodha iyi inoparadzanisa maatomu maviri anoumba zvidimbu zveokisijeni, iyo inozobatanidza matatu kana matatu emaatomu aya kuita morekuru idzva rinonzi ozone (O3).
Naizvozvo, ozone inomiririra iyo inonyanya kushanda fomu yeokisijeni, inoumbwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni, anogona kurwisa pathogenic uye / kana inokuvadza organic komisheni (chikamu chikuru chekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza).
Use
Inogona kunge iri iyo inonyanya kukosha hunhu hwe ozone uye ine mamwe maapplication. Microorganisms chero mhando yehupenyu iyo ziso remunhu harigoni kuona uye rinoda maikorosikopu kuti rizvione. Zvipembenene zvinonzi pathogens ndezviya zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvinotapukira. Vanowanzogara pamhando dzese dzepasi, marudzi ese emvura, kana kuyerera mumhepo, achiperekedzwa nediki guruva, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakavharwa umo mweya unovandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nekuda kweiyo oxidizing zvimiro, ozone inoonekwa seimwe yeinokurumidza uye inoshanda kwazvo microbicides inozivikanwa, inokwanisa kuita pane huwandu hukuru hwema microorganisms, senge mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi uye spores. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera matambudziko ehutano hwevanhu uye kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi.
Ozone inomisa hutachiona uhu nekuita ne intracellular enzymes, nucleic acid zvinhu uye masero hamvuropu, spores uye viral capsids. Saka, Nekuda kwekuparadzwa kweiyo genetic zvinhu, hutachiona hahugone kuchinjika uye kukudziridza kuramba kurapwa uku. Basa re ozone ndere oxidize zvimedu zviri musero membrane kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hazvidzoke.
Ozone kurapwa haina kunhuhwirira, saka haisi mhosva chete yekuuraya utachiona uye kusarerekera chero mhando yekunhuhwirira, asi zvakare hairevi kunhuhwirira kwakananga pakupera kwekushandiswa kwayo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ozone haiburitse chero tsvina, sezvo iine chidimbu chisina kugadzikana, chinowanzodzokera kune chimiro chayo chepakutanga, oksijeni (O2), saka, kuremekedza zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadzirwa, uye kuvimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
Rimwe basa re ozone nderekuti rinogona kubvisa chero rudzi rwekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi pasina kusiya zvakasara. Mhando iyi yekurapa inobatsira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakavharwa apo mhepo haigoni kugara ichivandudzwa. Mune rudzi urwu rwenzvimbo, kana nhamba huru yevanhu ichipinda, kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi (fodya, zvokudya, humidity, sweat, nezvimwewo) ichabudiswa nekuda kwemigumisiro yemamolekemu akamiswa uye ma microorganisms akasiyana mairi.
Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvekurwiswa kweozone: kune rumwe rutivi, iyo oxidizes organic matter, kunze kwekuirwisa kuburikidza ne ozone, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inorwisa ma microorganisms anodya pairi. Ozone inogona kurwisa kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana. Zvose zvinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chinokonzera kunhuwa. Zvichienderana nechinhu ichi, unogona kuona kusagadzikana kwako kune ozone uye dosi inodiwa kuti de-ozone.
Ozone rukoko
Ozone inodzivirira hupenyu huri pamusoro pePasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushanda kwayo sesefa inodzivirira kubva mumwaranzi yeultraviolet kubva kuZuva.Ozone ine basa rekupinza kunyanya mwaranzi yeZuva iri muwavelength iri pakati pe280 ne320 nm.
Kana mwaranzi yezuva inonzi ultraviolet ichidonhera paozone, morekuru rinopinda muatomu okisijeni neakajairwa oxygen. Kana zvakajairika uye maatomu okisijeni akasangana zvakare mu stratosphere ivo vanodzokerana zvakare kugadzira ozone molecule. Aya maitiro anogara ari mu stratosphere uye ozone uye oksijeni zvinogara pamwe chete.
Ozone inogadzirwa zvakanyanya apo mamorekuru eokisijeni anogamuchira huwandu hukuru hwesimba. Kana izvi zvikaitika, mamorekuru aya anoshanduka kuita atomic oxygen radicals. Gasi iri harina kugadzikana zvakanyanya, saka parinosangana nerimwe molecule reokisijeni rinowanzosangana, richabatana kuita ozone. Kuita uku kunoitika mumasekonzi maviri ega ega kana kudarika.
Mune ino kesi, iyo sosi sosi yeyakajairwa okisijeni ndeye ultraviolet radiation kubva kuzuva. Ultraviolet radiation ndiyo inokonzeresa kuora kwemolekyumu okisijeni muatomu okisijeni. Kana maatomu nemamorekuru eoksijeni akasangana ndokugadzira ozone, inoparadzwa nemwaranzi ye ultraviolet pachayo.
Iyo ozone layer iri kuenderera kugadzira uye kuparadza ozone mamorekuru, mamorekuru okisijeni neatomu okisijeni. Nenzira iyi, chiyero chine simba chinogadzirwa umo ozone inoparadzwa uye kuumbwa. Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita ozone sefaira isingaregi iyi radiation inokuvadza kupfuura pamusoro pePasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ozone uye maitiro ayo.