nzizi dzine simba zvikuru pasi rose

Nzizi dzagara dziri manyuko anokosha oupenyu nokuda kwokukura kwomunhu, sezvinoratidzirwa neidi rokuti mamiriyoni avanhu akavamba pedyo kana kuti parutivi padzo. Kupihwa kwemvura yakachena kunogadzirisa zvese kudyiwa kwevanhu uye kurima, kubata hove kana kuvhima mhuka dzeko, uye kunyangwe nhasi isu tinoramba tichitsamira muchikamu pazviri. Nepo nzizi dzichiwanzoyerera dzichipinda mugungwa, munyanza, kana kuti rumwe rwizi, dzimwe nguva dzinoguma dzaoma kana chimwe chinhu chinodzidzivisa kusangana nomumwe mutumbi wemvura. Huwandu hwemvura inotenderera nemavari ndihwo hwatinoti kuyerera. The nzizi huru pasi rose Ndivo vane huwandu hwemvura inotenderera kuburikidza navo.

Muchinyorwa chino tichazivisa kuti ndedzipi nzizi hombe munyika uye maitiro adzo makuru.

Hunhu hwenzizi hombe pasi rose

Nzizi ihova dzemvura, dzinotevera nzira dzadzo nemumigero, saka hadzigari dzakadzikama, asi dzinofamba dzichigadzira simba. Ivowo vavezi venzvimbo. Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzerwizi dzinogona kuzivikanwa:

• Kunobva. Apa ndipo panotangira rwizi, runogona kunge rwuri mvura yechitubu, glacial meltwater, nyanza, kana pasi pevhu. Inowanzova nzvimbo yakakwirira apo nzizi dzinoyerera dzichidzika nemateru.
• Boca. Ndiko kunoguma rwizi rwobatanidza gungwa, nyanza, kana imwewo mvura yakaita sedhamu kana dhamu.
• Confluence. Apa ndipo panosangana nzizi mbiri.
• Mutero. Karwizi kadiki kana karwizi kakabatana nerwizi.
• kudirwa mvura. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe yakadirwa nerwizi. Mabheseni maviri aya akapatsanurwa nemutsara unopatsanura ("bheseni" kwenguva pfupi) inotaridza muganhu wenzvimbo pakati pezviviri.
• mugero. Nzira nhete inoumbwa nekuita kwemvura; rwizi runoyerera nemugero, uye nzira yerwizi inonzi "nzira".
• Bed. Channel pasi.
• mahombekombe. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita ravo, ndiwo magumo erwizi kumativi ose emugero.

Nzizi zvakare "dzinodyiswa" nekuyerera, iyo inoyerera ichipinda mugungwa. Kuyerera hakusi chinhu kunze kwemvura inonaya inoyerera ichibva pamusoro asi inogona kusvika kunzizi.

nzizi dzine simba zvikuru pasi rose

Rwizi rweGanges

Iyo Ganges nematarenda ayo chiratidzo chisina kupokana kana chasvika kuIndia, ichichera bheseni rakaorera rinopfuura 900.000 square kilometers rinotsigira huwandu hwevanhu. Yakaiswa pekupedzisira pane rondedzero ine kuyerera kwe14.270 m³/s, kunyangwe mwero wayo wekusvibiswa uchiiisa pamusoro penzizi gumi dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose.

Kunyange zvazvo zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakatangwa kurapa mvura dzayo uye kudzivirira kuti isarambe ichikonzera kusvibiswa kwakakwirira kwakadaro kwegungwa (makirogiramu mamiriyoni 545 emarara epurasitiki pagore), zvose zvakundikana. The Ganges rwizi rwepasi rose runotangira kumadokero kweHimalaya uye runoyerera pakati peIndia neBangladesh.

lena river

Rwizi rweLena rwizi rurefu, rwatinogona kuwana muSiberia, runopfuura nepakati peIrkutsk Oblast neSakha Republic, uye pakupedzisira rinobatana neGungwa reLaptev (Arctic Ocean). kugadzira delta ye10.800 square kilometers.

Pasinei nekunaya kwemvura shoma munharaunda iyi, kuyerera kweSeine kunoramba kuri pa16.400 XNUMX cubic metres pasekondi, rwizi rwepfumbamwe pakukura munyika. Rwizi rweLena rune rwendo runonakidza rwekushanya, iyo Lena Pillars, ari maumbirwo ematombo pamahombekombe erwizi, akakomberedzwa nenyaya uye ngano.

Rwizi rweMississippi

Rwizi rweMississippi runozivikanwa nekumhanya kusvika kumatunhu gumi epakati (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, neLouisiana), mu. Nyika gumi dzinoiswa serwizi rwechisere pakukura pasirese nekuyerera kwe10 m³/s.

Yakanga yatove chinhu chakakosha chebudiriro yehuwandu hwevanhu mudiki pre-Columbian, asi nhasi inoramba iri musana wehupfumi netsika weUnited States. Iine hurefu hwemakiromita 6.275 (kana tikafunga nezve Mississippi-Missouri system), ndirwo rwizi rwechina kureba pasi rose.

Río de la Plata

Iyo Río de la Plata ine yakakura hydrological basin (yechipiri pakukura muSouth America) iyo inounza pamwechete mvura dzeParaná neUruguay nzizi, iyo inoumba mubatanidzwa, pamwe chete nematarenda akasiyana uye manyoro. Yakatumidzwa zita reRwizi rweJoridhani naAmerigo Vespucci, asi gare gare pesvedzero yenzvimbo yakapa iyo zita ratinoziva nhasi.

Nzvimbo dzayo dzepamusoro nepakati hadzina kudzika uye hadzina kupindira kwemunyu, asi kubva kuPunta del Este kuUruguay kusvika kuSamboronbón Bay muArgentina, sezvo chikamu ichi chatova chiteshi chegungwa, kudzika kwaro kunowedzera uye munyu unowedzera zvakanyanya. Atlantic. Yakareba makiromita 325, ine nzvimbo yemakiromita 234 panzvimbo yayo yakafara uye Iine avhareji yekuyerera kwe22.000 cubic metres pasekondi.

rwizi nhema

Rio Negro, kunyangwe iri yechitanhatu pane iyi runyorwa, ndiyo hombe pane ese maAmazon tributaries, pamwe nerwizi rukuru rwemvura nhema pasi rose. Inozvarirwa muColombia, muzasi meGuayana, uko inozivikanwa seGuainha River, iyo inopfuurawo nemuVenezuela uye inoyerera ichipinda muBrazil kudunhu reAmazonas, kwainobatana nerwizi rukuru rwezita rimwe chetero.

Hurefu hwemakiromita 2.250 uye kudzika anenge agara ari mamita makumi masere, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwe80 cubic metres pasekondi.

Madeira river

Rwizi rweMadeira nderimwe remaguta makuru eAmazon. nehurefu hwakazara hwemakiromita 3.250 uye kuyerera kwe31.200 cubic metres pasekondi. Iyo inozivikanwawo seCuyari River, inoyerera nekuchamhembe kweSouth America, ichigadzira muganhu wemakiromita zana pakati peBolivia neBrazil, uye inofambika nengarava dzemugungwa nguva zhinji yegore.

Nhasi ichiri chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chehupfumi nokuti kuwedzera kune 900 marudzi ehove dzatinogona kuwana mukati mekuita, Port Velho inzvimbo inokosha zvikuru yekutengeserana uye kupa kune mamwe maguta eBrazil. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzizi, Madeira haiyerere mune chero gungwa, asi muAmazon.

Yangtze River

Kunyangwe iri rwizi rwakareba muChina, dudziro chaiyo yezita rayo se "Rwizi Rurefu" haisi pasina, rwizi rwechitatu rwakareba pasirese, rwizi Yangtze ndirwo rwizi rwechina pakukura panyika rune 31.900 cubic metres pasekondi. Rwizi rwunoyerera ruchipinda mugungwa mushure mekupfuura nemumatunhu gumi muChina, uye pamusoro pe70% yemupunga nehove kugadzirwa kunoitika mubheseni.

Zvakadaro, nekuda kwekubuda mumaindasitiri nemudzimba, rwizi pari zvino rwuri kusangana nekusvibiswa kusingagoneki uye kuri kukanganisa zvakanyanya maruva nemhuka dzinotsamira pariri.

Orinoco rwizi

Rwizi rweOrinoco nderimwe renzizi dzakanyanya kukosha muSouth America uye rine hukuru hwenhoroondo nehupfumi muVenezuela, kwarunonyanya kuyerera. Kureba kwese kunodarika makiromita e2.000 uye kuyerera i33.000 XNUMX cubic metres pasekondi, iri pachinhanho chechitatu pasi rose.

Imwe yemazango erwizi urwu inyaya dzese dzinoshamisa uye ngano dzinotaurwa kubva kwairi kuVenezuela kusvika kumuromo wayo muAtlantic Ocean, senge Middle Stone, kuwanikwa kwaToninas (pink dolphin) kana isinganzwisisike Hydra.

Río Kongo

Yaimbozivikanwa seRwizi Zaire, Rwizi rweCongo rwizi rweCentral Africa rwunoyerera nenyika ina (Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, neRepublic of the Congo) uye ndirwo rwizi rwechipiri pakukura pasirese (41.800 m³/s). Kureba kwayo kunoreva kuti inoyambuka equator kaviri munzira yayo, iyo inofambawo pakati peKisangani neLake Malebo.

Mukova wayo wakatarisana neAtlantic Ocean, asi mamwe mafashama ari kumagumo emugwagwa wayo anodzivirira kupinda murwizi kubva mugungwa.

Amazon River

Rwizi rwakanyanya kukosha uye runozivikanwa pasi pano sezvo rune zita rekurebesa uye rakakura kwazvo (250.000 m³/s) panzizi dzese dziri panyika. Yakareba makiromita anopfuura 7.000 XNUMX uye inogona kufamba munyika pfumbamwe muSouth America.

Rwizi rweAmazon runoisa chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chemvura yakachena pasi pano, muromo waro uri muAtlantic Ocean, ndiko kunobva upenyu hwesango reAmazon. Carbon dioxide iripo mumhepo yedu.

Idzi nzizi dzese dzine simba guru, kwete chete munzvimbo dzadzinoyerera nadzo, asiwo mumakungwa adzinoyerera dzichipindamo, sezvo dzichimiririra chitubu chikuru chehydrology uye yakakosha chiwanikwa chemaruva nemhuka pasi rese. Uye zvakare, ivo vane zvakakosha mhedzisiro pakutenderera uye maitiro epasi redu, yakakwira mwero wekusvibiswa, sezvakaitika kuGanges, vanogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa zvikuru kunze kwenharaunda yavo. Mvura ndiyo tsime guru rezvipenyu panyika yedu uye tinofanira kuida mumarudzi ayo ose, kubva kunzizi nemadziva kusvika kumakungwa nemakungwa, nokuti marudzi ose oupenyu anotsamira pairi kuti ararame kubvira pakutanga.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve nzizi hombe munyika uye maitiro avo.