Pakati pemimwe miuyo yakakomba yokushatiswa kwemhepo mvura ine acid. Mvura iyi inogona kukonzerwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Imwe yacho ndeye mvura ine acid kubva mugomo rinoputika. Kuputika kwemakomo kunobudisira magasi akawanda anokuvadza mumhepo anogona kukonzera kunaya kweasidhi.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve acid inonaya kubva mugomo rinoputika, mhedzisiro yacho uye kuti inogadzirwa sei.
Chii chinonzi mvura ine acid kubva mugomo rinoputika
Kune marudzi maviri emvura yeasidhi, yekugadzira (yakagadzirwa nevanhu) uye inongoitika, inokonzerwa nemagasi emakomo.
anthropogenic acid mvura Inonyanya kugadzirwa nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri, kupiswa kwemafuta efossil kana kupiswa kwezvinomera., iyo inobudisa magasi anosvibisa anopinda mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi achikonzera kukanganisa kusingadzoreki. Apo maaerosols aya anosvibisa paanosangana nemhute yemvura yemuchadenga, anodzoka semvura yeasidhi.
Asidhi inonaya kubva mugomo rinoputika inogadzirwa apo madonhwe emvura inonaya anonyungudika asingashiviriki sulfuric acid (H2SO4) uye nitric acid (HNO3). Ose maasidhi anoumbwa nekuita kwesarufa trioxide (SO3) uye nitrogen dioxide (NO2) nemvura (H2O). Somugumisiro, acidity yemvura kunaya kwemvura kunosvika padanho rakakura re3,5 kusvika 5,5, zvichienzaniswa nepH yakajairika yemvura inosvika 6,5.
Migumisiro yekunaya kweasidhi kubva mugomo rinoputika
Muvanhu zvinogona kukanganisa kufema, kunyanya muvana nevakwegura vane chirwere chemapapu chisingaperi. Inogona kukonzera kukosora uye kukachidzwa; kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechirwere chisingaperi uye chechirwere cheasthma, acute bronchitis, uye emphysema; shanduko muhurongwa hwekudzivirira hwemapapu, ayo ivo vanowedzera muvanhu vane zvirwere zvemwoyo uye pulmonary; kutsamwa kwemaziso uye kufema, Etc.
Migumisiro yekunaya kweasidhi pavhu nezvinomera:
Kunowedzera acidity yemvura munzizi nemadziva, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kuhupenyu hwemvura hwakadai sehove (hove dzemurwizi) nemiti. Inowedzerawo acidity yevhu, iyo inoshandura kuita shanduko mukuumbwa kwayo, inogadzira leaching (kusuka) yezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha zvezvirimwa, senge: calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, nezvimwewo, uye inounganidza simbi dzine chepfu senge cadmium, nickel, manganese, lead, mercury, chromium, nezvimwe. Vanopinzwawo mumafungu emvura nemaketani ezvekudya nenzira iyi.
Miti inonaiwa zvakananga nemvura ine acid inotambura kwete chete mhedzisiro yekushatisa ivhu, asiwo kukuvara kwakananga, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumoto.
Chii chinonzi simba remvura ine acid?
Pasinei nekwaakabva, angava eindasitiri kana kuti omusikirwo, magasi anosvibisa anokwira achibva panyika achienda mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, pashure penguva yakati uye mukati mechando, anogona kunaya kuumba inonzi mvura ine acid. Zvichienderana negwara uye kumhanya kwemhepo, iyi ichava nzvimbo yakakanganiswa iyo inogadzirwa. Rimwe izwi ndiro sedimentation yakaoma, apo tsvina inogara pasina mvura, ndiko kuti, inogadzirisa pasi pehuremu hwayo.
Acid mvura haidzivirirwe sezvo ichigadzirwa nehunyanzvi hunoda kuti munhu ararame. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwayo kunogona kudzikiswa nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera. Kuti vadzivise kukuvadzwa kwemaitiro ekufema, vagari vepedyo vanogona kuisa hengechepfu dzakanyorova pamhino dzavo uye kugara kure nechiitiko muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, sezvo kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingagadzirike senge gomarara reganda.
Acid mvura mugomo rinoputika reLa Palma
Kuputika kwegomo paLa Palma kwaisanganisira kuburitswa kwemagasi akaita semhute yemvura, carbon dioxide kana sulfur dioxide. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesulfur dioxide (SO2), gasi rinobudisa mvura yeasidhi kana kuchinaya, inokosha.
Gasi rakaburitswa nekuputika kwave kuwanikwawo pazviitiko zvakawanda sechinhu chinosvibisa mhepo kubva mumabasa emaindasitiri. Nekuda kwekufambisa kwemuchadenga, kuburitsa kweSO2 kunogona kuburitsa mvura yeasidhi zviuru zvemakiromita kure. Somugumisiro, kunaya kweasidhi kunokuvadza masango ari munyika dzisiri uko gasi rinosvibisa rinobudiswa.
Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda yeSO2 yakawanikwa pamusoro peCanary Islands, zvine musoro. Izvi zvakaita kuti ive nemukana wekuti kunaya kwechamhembe nekumabvazuva kwechitsuwa ichi kwaizosangana nekushanduka kukuru, nekunaya kwemvura kuine acidic kupfuura zvamazuva ese uye pH yakadzikira zvishoma. Nekudaro, kuburitswa kweSO2 kwakakanganiswa nemakomo anoputika saka mhando yacho yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Atmospheric forecast modhi yakaratidza kuti gasi rakatakurwa kuenda kumabvazuva nepakati pepeninsula, kunyanya nechepakati nekumabvazuva chikamu.
Kunyangwe zvese izvi, mvura muCanary Islands yaitarisirwa kuva ine acidic zvishoma mumazuva anotevera mushure mekuputika kwekuputika asi havana kuzova nengozi yehutano, kana kuti mhepo yakadzika yesulfur dioxide yakasvika pamusoro pemazinga.
Muzviitiko izvi, mhedzisiro yesarufa dioxide yakaburitswa nemakomo anoputika pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze uye mhando yemhepo yaive shoma. Pamusoro pezvo, pane dzimwe nguva kuburitswa kwegasi iri kwasvika kuSpain nekuda kwekuputika kwemakomo kune rimwe divi reAtlantic Ocean.
Migumisiro pane zvakatipoteredza
Takaona kuti mvura inonaya nenguva yeasidhi haiunze njodzi kuutano kana nharaunda. Zvisinei, kana ichi chiitiko chikava chakajairika, chine migumisiro yakakomba. Ngationei kuti ndezvipi:
- Makungwa angarasikirwa nekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kubereka. Kudonha kwepH yemvura yegungwa kunogona kukuvadza phytoplankton, chikafu chezvipenyu zvakasiyana uye mhuka dzinogona kushandura cheni yekudya uye kukonzera kuparara kwemarudzi akasiyana emugungwa.
- Mvura yemukati menyika iri kuitawo acidify nekukurumidza zvakanyanya, chokwadi chinonyanya kunetseka kana munhu akafunga kuti, kunyange zvazvo 1% chete yemvura paNyika yakachena, 40% yehove inogara mairi. Acidification inowedzera kuwanda kwesimbi ions, kunyanya aluminium ion, iyo inogona kuuraya hove zhinji, amphibians, uye zvirimwa zvemumvura mumadziva ane acidified. Zvakare, simbi dzinorema dzinopinda mumvura yepasi, iyo isingachakodzeri kunwa.
- Mumasango, ivhu rakaderera pH uye kuwanda kwesimbi sealuminium kunodzivirira zvinomera kubva pakubata zvakanaka mvura uye chikafu chinoda. Izvi zvinokuvadza midzi, zvinononotsa kukura, uye zvinoita kuti chirimwa chive chisina kusimba uye chinotapukira kuzvirwere nezvipembenene.
- Acid mvura inokanganisawo hunyanzvi, nhoroondo uye tsika nemagariro. Pamusoro pekusvibisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvezvivakwa uye zvivakwa, zvinogona zvakare kukuvadza kutaridzika kwezvivakwa mukati mazvo. Kukuvadza kukuru kunoitika muzvimiro zvecalcareous, senge marble, izvo zvinonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma nekuita kweasidhi nemvura.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve acid inonaya kubva mugomo rinoputika, magadzirirwo ayo uye mhedzisiro yayo.