Makore matatu apfuura, nharaunda yesainzi yeChiitiko Horizon Telescope (EHT) yakashamisa nyika nemufananidzo wekutanga wegomba dema rakatorwa mune yakavakidzana galaxy M87. Ikozvino, boka rimwe chetero kekutanga rakaratidza humbowo hwakananga hwekuona nemufananidzo wekutanga wegomba dema mune yedu galaxy, vachishandisa zvinoonekwa kubva kunetiweki yepasi rose yemateresikopu eredhiyo.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti mufananidzo wegomba dema mune yedu galaxy wawanikwa sei uye kuti chii chinokonzeresa.
Bata mufananidzo wegomba dema mune yedu galaxy
Iyi iSagittarius A*, inoshanduka-shanduka mwaranzi sosi inogara ichichinja. Masayendisiti anga achishandisa algorithms kwemakore kuti agadzirise kushanduka kwayo nekufamba kwenguva sekunge iri "bhaisikopo", asi zvino vabudirira uye vapa mifananidzo yavo yazvino.
Pamusoro peseti yemapepa akaburitswa mune yakakosha edition yeThe Astrophysical Journal Letters, Chiitiko Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration Team yakaburitsa chiitiko chakakosha nhasi panhevedzano yemusangano wenhau dzepasirese dzakatenderedza pasirese.
"Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo wekutanga weSagittarius A*, gomba dema rakakura kwazvo riri pakati peMilky Way, iyo yakakura zvakapetwa 4 miriyoni kupfuura Zuva. Isu tinopa humbowo hwekutanga hwekuvapo kwavo, "akadaro Sara Issaoun, Harvard Astrophysicist A Center Research Fellow, achitaura pamuzinda weEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO) muMunich, Germany.
Zvakabuda zvakapa humbowo hukuru hwekuti chinhu ichi chaive buri dema uye zvakapa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekushanda kwenyeredzi huru idzi, idzo dzinofungidzirwa kuti dziri pakati pemakwara enzou mazhinji.
Sekureva kweanopfuura mazana matatu esainzi kubva kunzvimbo makumi masere dzakabatanidzwa mukuwanikwa, gomba rakakura "rinorema" mamirioni mana ezuva, munzvimbo isina kukura kupfuura solar system yedu, 27.000 chiedza makore kubva pasi redu. Kubva pamaonero edu, ukuru hwedonati pamwedzi mudenga.
humbowo hwekutanga hunooneka
Mufananidzo uyu itarisiro yakamirirwa kwenguva refu yechinhu chihombe chiri pakati pegwara redu renzou. Vesainzi vakaona nyeredzi dzinotenderera zvimwe zvinhu zvakakura zvikuru, zvakabatana, zvisingaoneki pakati peMilky Way. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakasimba kuti mutumbi wekudenga Sadge A* igomba dema.
Kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kuona gomba dema pacharo nekuti rakasviba zvachose, gasi rinopenya rakarikomberedza rinoratidza chimiro chakasiyana: nzvimbo ine rima yepakati (inonzi mumvuri) yakakomberedzwa neyakajeka mhete chimiro. Maonero matsva anotora chiedza chakakomberedzwa negiravhiti rine simba regomba dema.
"Takashamiswa kuti saizi yerin'i yaienderana nekufanotaura kweEinstein's general theory of relativity," akadaro Geoffrey Bower, sainzi mukuru wechirongwa cheEHT paInstitute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei. "Izvi zvakaonekwa zvisati zvamboitika zvinovandudza kunzwisisa kwedu zviri kuitika pakati peboka redu renyeredzi uye ipa ruzivo rutsva rwekuti maburi matema mahombe anodyidzana sei nemhoteredzo yavo".
Kuona chinhu chiri kure chakadaro kunoda teresikopu yakakura yePasi, zvisinei kana zvakaenzana, uye ndizvo zvinogona kuitwa neEHT. Iyo ine materesikopu masere eredhiyo ari muChile, United States, Mexico, Spain neSouth Pole. MuU.SA, inoshandiswa neEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO) nevamwe vadyidzani vepasi rese mugwenga reAtacama muChile, muEurope Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) muSierra Nevada (Granada) inomira pachena.
Iyo EHT yakacherekedza Sagittarius A* kwehusiku hunoverengeka hwakatevedzana, ichiunganidza data kwemaawa, zvakafanana nekushandisa kuratidzwa kwenguva refu pane imwe kamera. Pakati pemateresikopu eredhiyo anoumba EHT, iyo IRAM antenna ye 30 metres kureba yakaita basa rakakosha mune zvakaonekwa, zvichibvumira kuwana mifananidzo yekutanga.
Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hunodaidzwa kuti very long reference interferometry (VLBI, inoshandisa masvomhu panzvimbo yemalenzi), masaini kubva kumateresikopu ese eredhiyo abatanidzwa uye data rawo rakagadziridzwa nemaalgorithms nemakomputa makuru kugadzira patsva mufananidzo wakanakisa.
Thalia Traianou, muongorori weAndalusian Institute of Astrophysics (IAA-CSIC), anowedzera kuti: "Tekinoroji ichatibvumira kuwana mifananidzo mitsva yemakomba matema uye kunyange mafirimu."
Maburi matema maviri akafanana
Nezve mufananidzo wegomba dema mugirazi M87 yakatorwa muna 2019, masayendisiti anobvuma kuti maburi maviri matema anotaridzika akafanana, kunyangwe iro dema mugirazi redu. idiki nekanopfuura ka1000 uye haina kukura pane M87*, iri kure nemamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemashanu kubva pachiedza chemakore.. Nyeredzi huru ine huremu hunosvika mabhiriyoni matanhatu nemazana mashanu ezuva uye hupamhi hwemakiromita 6.500 bhiriyoni, zvinoreva kuti solar system inosvika kuNeptune ichapinda mairi.
"Tine marudzi maviri akasiyana zvachose emapoka enyeredzi uye mapoka maviri akasiyana-siyana emakomba matema, asi padyo nemicheto yemakomba matema aya, anotaridzika akafanana zvinoshamisa," akadaro Sera Markoff, sachigaro weEHT Science Committee uye purofesa we theoretical astrophysics. paYunivhesiti yeAmsterdam. Izvi zvinotitaurira kuti relativity yakajairika inotonga zvinhu izvi pedyo, uye kuti chero misiyano yatinoona kure inokonzerwa nekusiyana kwenyaya yakakomberedza buri dema. »
Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Roberto Emparan, theoretical physicist uye ICREA purofesa paInstitute of Cosmology yeYunivhesiti yeBarcelona, inotsanangura kune SMC Spain: "Parizvino, tinogona kutaura kuti kufanana pakati pemufananidzo weM87 * kubva ku2019 uye mufananidzo wazvino unobva kuSgrA * inoratidza kuti, zvisinei nehukuru hwegomba dema, nharaunda iri pedyo negomba dema yakafanana zvakanyanya. Kuongorora kweramangwana kunozotiudza zvimwe nezve zvimiro zvenyaya yakatenderedza gomba dema, uye isu tinogona kukwanisa kutaura kana chinhu ichi chiri chokwadi chakafanotaurwa nedzidziso yaEinstein, kana kuti 'munyengeri' kana kuti 'copycat'.
Gonzalo J. Olmo, purofesa weDhipatimendi reTheoretical Physics uye IFIC yeHybrid Center yeYunivhesiti yeValencia neCSIC, uye Diego Rubiera-García, Talent muongorori weDhipatimendi reTheoretical Physics yeComplutense University yeMadrid inopindirana. "Kunyangwe chinhu ichi chakakura zvakapetwa kachuru pane zvinhu zvinoonekwa nhasi muMilky Way, kufanana kwayo ne'diki' gomba dema rinoratidza kuwanda kwefizikisi inotsanangura zvinhu izvi", vanosimbisa SMC Spain.
Nekudaro, zvabuda nhasi zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura M87*, kunyange zvazvo Sagittarius A* iri pedyo. Chikwata chaifanira kugadzira maturusi matsva ekutsanangura mafambiro egasi kutenderedza Sgr A*. Nepo iyo M87* iri nyore uye yakagadzikana lens, inenge mifananidzo yese inotaridzika zvakafanana, iyo Sgr A* haina.
"Gasi padyo negomba dema riri kufamba nekumhanya kwakafanana, nekukurumidza sechiedza, pedyo neSagittarius A * neM87 *," akatsanangura kudaro EHT musayendisiti Chi-kwan Chan weSteward Observatory uye Dhipatimendi reAstronomy neData. University of Arizona, nepo gasi richitora mazuva kusvika mavhiki kutenderera hombe M87*, iyo diki Sagittarius A* inopedzisa orbit mumaminetsi."
"Izvi zvinoreva kuti kupenya uye pateni yegasi rakatenderedza Sagittarius A* iri kukurumidza kuchinja sezvo EHT inobatirana kuicherechedza: zvakangofanana nekuedza kuwana mufananidzo wakajeka webeche richikurumidza kudzingirira musweakaenderera mberi.
Iyo Sgr A* dema gomba mufananidzo avhareji yemifananidzo yakasiyana yakatorwa nechikwata, pakupedzisira ichiburitsa nyeredzi hofori pakati peMilky Way kekutanga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemifananidzo yakatorwa yegomba dema mune yedu galaxy.