Iyo yepamusoro soro muWestern Europe uye imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa muAlps ese ndeye Mont Blanc. Zvinoreva gomo chena muFrance uye iri pakati penzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo kumadokero kweCaucasus uye iri muvakidzani wemazaya echando mazhinji anofudza nzizi dzese dzakatenderedza. Kuve gomo riri kudiwa zvakanyanya nevakwiri vemakomo, rave rimwe remukurumbira pasi rose.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology uye kwakatangira Mont Blanc.
Mhando huru
Tinoziva kuti kukwira makomo chiitiko chinowanzoitika mumakomo. Uye ndeyekuti muMont Blanc chiitiko chinowanzoitika. Kunyanya mukati memwedzi yezhizha unoona huwandu hukuru hwevanokwira uye vanokwira makomo vachiedza kusvika kumusangano. Vakatanga kusvika pakakwirira vaive vaive Jacques Balmat naMichel Gabriel Pacard muna 1786Makore makumi maviri nematanhatu mushure meiyo geologist uye Naturalist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure akazivisa mubairo wakakura kune wese akabudirira. Chinangwa cheuyu geologist chaive chekugona kuverenga kukwirira kwakakwirira kweiyi yepamusoro. Kuti ndiite zvidzidzo izvi, ndaida anokwira makomo kuti asvike pamusoro.
Mont Blanc iri pamuganhu pakati peFrance neItari uye kumadokero kweMakomo eCaucasus. Iyo ndeyeAlps makomo renji uye inosvika kunzvimbo yeSwitzerland. Iyo ine peculiarity uye ndiko kuti ine iyo piramidhi yepamusoro. Iyo yepamusoro inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweFrance. Iyo yakakwira kukwirira kwepamusoro ndeye 4809 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Naizvozvo, inova inonetsa kune vakawanda vanokwira makomo vanoedza kusvika pamusangano wayo mumwaka wezhizha.
Sezvinotarisirwa, kunyangwe iri mwaka wezhizha, musangano uyu wakafukidzwa netaundi rechando nechando. Ukobvu hwakati pedza hunosiyana zvichienderana nemwaka. Nekudaro, ine chisingaperi chando. Izvi zvinoita kuti kukwirira kwakaverengwa kwegomo kusanyanya kunyatsoitika. Izvi zvinoitika nenhongonya shomanene dzakafukidzwa nesinou. Munzvimbo yose yeMont Blanc massif tinowana makomo akati wandei uye imwe yenzvimbo refu dzakatwasuka dzemakomo aripo muEuropean continent. Iyi yakatwasuka yakatetepa inopfuura mamita mazana matatu nemazana mashanu pakureba.
Izvo hazvisi zvakakosha chete kune vanokwira makomo uye nekunaka kwenzvimbo, asi kune zvakare mipata yakawanda iri kumba kune huwandu hwakawanda hwesango nemhuka pane dzakatenuka dze massif. Kune akatiwandei echando ayo anga achikanganisa chikamu chemateru. Iyo huru glacier ndiyo Mer de Glace. Iyo ndiyo glacier yakakura muFrance uye inoshandura kugungwa rechando.
Mont Blanc kuumbwa
Iri gomo rine anopfuura makore emamirioni mazana matatu. Nekudaro, iyo hombe nguva yekupedzisa zvese kuumbwa kwayo zvizere mukati memakore gumi nemashanu emamiriyoni apfuura. Chimiro chakapetwa zvizere kubva pakuumbwa kwayo kunokonzerwa nekupeta kwevhu nekuda kwekufamba kwemukati mepasi. Sezvo mahombekombe egungwa neyemakondinendi ane zvinhu zvakasiyana kumagumo kutamiswa kweimwe uye nechimwe kunoita kuti zviome mumakomo aya.
Panguva iyoyo panguva yekuumbwa kweMont Blanc, Pangea ndiyo yega yega supercontinent. Tiri kutaura nezvenguva yePaleozoic. Iko pano apo iyo yepamusoro-soro yakatanga kutsemuka uye pakupedzisira yakakamurwa kuita dzakasiyana siyana masasi epasi. Maitiro anoitika mukati mepasi haana kumira chero nguva. Inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mashandiro eplate tectonics achiri kushanda nanhasi. Nekuda kweizvi, mukufamba kwemamirioni emakore, mafambiro akaramba achiitika mukukura kwepasi, ichigadzira Mont Blanc.
Tatova kumagumo e cretaceous nguva, ndiro yeApulian neplate yeEurasia zvakatanga kuwirirana. Uku kudhumhana kwema tectonic mahwendefa kwakakonzera kukamurwa kwetambo uye sedimentary matombo kusimuka muchimiro chemapendero. Mont Blanc inofungidzirwa hachizi chimwe chinhu kunze kwechikamu chegombo rinoputika kubva pagungwa rekare. Iyo yose massif muhuwandu hwayo yakanga ichikwira mukukwirira nekuda kwekumanikidza kunoitwa nendiro yeAfrica mukati memakore zana emamirioni apfuura.
Makamuri epasi pemakristaro aive mhando yedombo rakaumba Mont Blanc. Idzi dzimba dzepasi dzakaumbwa kuburikidza nekupeta dombo nekuda kwekumanikidza kunoitwa nema tectonic mahwendefa. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti gomo riite ridge ridge inokonzerwa nekukukurwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeizi. Pakazara, chimiro chekuona cheizvi zvese chakapa chimiro chakati sandara chiyeuchidzo chebanga.
Maruva nemhuka dzeMont Blanc
Kunyangwe iri gomo riine runako rukuru rwekuva nechando, rinewo musiyano wakanaka neminda yakasvibira inoikomberedza. Izvo zvinodikanwa chete kuti uone kuti munzvimbo dzese dzegreen munda mune dzakawanda mhuka nemiti yemiti Mazhinji emhando dzinoshanyira nzvimbo yemakomo dzakatarisana nehurefu, tembiricha yakaderera uye acidity yevhu. Sezvaunogona kutarisira, kupona munzvimbo ino kwakaomesesa kune zvipenyu zvinogara pano. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuchinjika uye shanduko zvinoreva kuti marudzi ese anogona kurarama.
Muchirimo nemuchirimo dzimwe mhando dzemiti inotumbuka, huswa nezvimwe zvirimwa zvidiki zvinomera pazasi pegomo. Ichi chikamu chepasi chine zvimwe zvinonakidza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ezvisikwa. Kumativi eiyo massif tinogona kuwana conifers senge fir uye maruva. Dzimwe mhando dzakadai saRanunculus glacialis dzinogona kurarama kusvika pamamirioni zviuru zvina.
Kana iri mhuka, tinoona kuti inomiririrwa nechamois, mhembwe tsvuku, makava matsvuku, mahwani egungwa, mapuruguru, gondo regoridhe, moth uye mamwe marudzi e madandemutande nezvinyavada. Havasi vese vanogara mumakomo kudaro, asi vamwe vanokwanisa kukwira kumatunhu uko kune chando chete. Iwo akakwira kusvika pamamita mazana matatu nemazana mashanu pakukwirira.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peMont Blanc nehunhu hwayo.