ari Milankovitch cycles inobva pakuti kuchinja kwe orbital kunokonzeresa nguva yechando nepakati pechando. Mamiriro ekunze anosiyana zvichienderana nezvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinoshandura mafambiro ePasi. Vanhu vazhinji vanoti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa neMilankovitch kutenderera, asi izvi handizvo.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze mashandiro eMilankovitch cycles uye kuti yakakosha sei mamiriro emamiriro ekunze kune nyika yedu.
Chii chinonzi Milankovitch cycles?
Isu takatarisana neimwe yemhando dzakakosha dzesainzi. Kusati kwasvika kutenderera kweMilankovitch muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvinhu zvakakanganisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze paPasi zvaive zvisingazivikanwe munharaunda yesainzi. Vatsvagiri vakaita saJoseph Adhémar kana James Croll vanotsvaga mhinduro kubva kumawere epakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe kusvika kunguva dzekuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvinyorwa zvake uye tsvakurudzo zvakafuratirwa kusvikira nyanzvi yemasvomhu yeSerbia Milankovic yazvitora ndokutanga kushanda padzidziso yakachinja zvinhu zvose.
Isu tave kuziva kuti vanhu vari kukanganisa sei shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, asi zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti handiyo chete chinhu. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze paPasi kunogonawo kutsanangurwa nekufurira kwezvinhu zviri kunze kwepasi. Kutenderera kweMilankovitch kunotsanangura kuti shanduko yeorbital inobatsira sei mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ePasi.
Milankovitch kutenderera parameters
Mamiriro ekunze anoenderana nekushanduka kwe orbital. Milankovich anotenda kuti mwaranzi yezuva haina kukwana kunyatsochinja mamiriro ekunze ePasi. Zvakadaro, shanduko mukutenderera kwePasi inogoneka. Aya ndiwo matsanangurirwo avanoitwa:
- Glaciation: kuenzana kwepamusoro, kurereka kwakaderera, uye nhambwe huru pakati peNyika neZuva zvinoita kuti pave nemusiyano mudiki pakati pemwaka.
- Interglacials: Yakaderera eccentricity, kurereka kwepamusoro, uye nhambwe pfupi pakati pePasi neZuva, zvinotungamira kumwaka wakasiyana.
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yeMilankovitch, inoshandura mafambiro ekushandura uye kutenderera kwepasi zvichibva pazvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha:
- The eccentricity of the orbit. Zvinobva pakuti ellipse yakatambanudzwa sei. Kana kutenderera kwePasi kuine elliptical, eccentricity yakakura, uye zvinopesana kana iri denderedzwa. Musiyano uyu unogona kuita musiyano we1% kusvika 11% muhuwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inotambirwa neNyika.
- Inclination. Idzi ndidzo shanduko dzepakona yeakisi yeNyika yekutenderera. Dip inoshanduka pakati pe21,6º kusvika 24,5º makore 40.000 ega ega.
- Precession Tiri kutaura nezve kugadzira axis yekutenderera yakatarisana negwara rekutenderera. Mhedzisiro yaro pamamiriro ekunze mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwehukama hwema solstices uye equinoxes.
Nyanzvi yemasvomhu yokuSerbia inotarisira kuratidza mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX kuti, mukuwedzera kupesvedzero yomunhu, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti pasi redu rinozvibata sei uye kuti kuchinja kwezvinotenderera kungachinja sei mamiriro okunze.
Zvisinei, basa redu mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze harirambiki. Munhu ari kushandura maitiro ezvakajairwa kutenderera kwePasi nemamiriro ekunze, saka tinofanira kutanga kuve nehunhu hunochengetedza hunochengetedza nharaunda.
mhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze
Parizvino, nekuti Nyika inofamba nemu perihelion munguva yechando yekuchamhembe kwehemisphere (Ndira), chinhambwe chipfupi kubva kuzuva chinodzivirira zvishoma kutonhora kwechando munharaunda iyoyo. Saizvozvowo, sezvo Nyika iri paaphelion munguva yezhizha rekuchamhembe kwehemisphere (Chikunguru), pachinhambwe chikuru kubva kuzuva inodzivirira kupisa kwechirimo. Nemamwe manzwi, chimiro chazvino chekutenderera kweNyika kutenderera zuva kunobatsira kuderedza mwaka wekusiyana kwetembiricha kuNorthern Hemisphere.
Kusiyana neizvi, kusiyana kwemwaka kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere kwakasimbiswa. Zvisinei, sezvo mazhizha ari kureba kuchamhembe uye mwaka wechando uri mupfupi kana zuva riri kure nePasi, musiyano wedziva resimba rinogamuchirwa hausi mukuru.
Dzidziso
Traditional theories of paleoclimate inoratidza kuti glacialization uye deglazing yakatanga munzvimbo dzakakwirira kuchamhembe kwehemisphere uye yakapararira kune imwe nyika yose. Sekureva kwaMilankovitch, zhizha rinotonhorera rinodiwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekuchamhembe kwehemisphere kuti kuderedze kunyungudika kwechirimo uye kubvumidza kuwedzera kunaya kwechando. Autumn inouya nguva yechando isati yasvika.
Kuti uku kuungana kwechando nechando kuitike, kunyura kwechirimo kunofanira kunge kwakadzikira, izvo zvinoitika kana chirimo chekuchamhembe chichisangana neaphelion. Izvi zvakaitika makore angangoita 22.000 apfuura, pakaitika chando chakanyanya kuitika (zvichiitikawo iye zvino, asi zvine simba guru kupfuura nhasi nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwekutenderera). Zvichakadaro, kurasikirwa kweaizi yekondinendi kwakanaka kana nzvimbo dzakakwirira dziine kunyura kwechirimo uye kushomeka kwechando muchando, zvichikonzera kudziya kwezhizha (kunyanya kunyungudika) uye kutonhora kwechando (kushoma sinou).
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akasvika pakupfuura makore anenge 11.000 XNUMX apfuura.. Iyo perihelion uye aphelion nzvimbo dzinoshandura kugoverwa kwemwaka wesimba rezuva uye inogona kunge yakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pane yekupedzisira deglacial process.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusimba kwemwaranzi muzhizha kunopesana nekureba kwenguva yezhizha. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemutemo wechipiri waKepler, uyo unotaura kuti kufamba kwePasi kunomhanya sezvainopfuura nepaperihelion. Ichi ndicho chitsitsinho cheAchilles chedzidziso yekuti precession yakatonga Ice Age. Kunyura kunonyanya kukosha kupfuura precession uye peculiarities of the precession kana uchifunga kubatanidzwa kwekusimba kwezuva munguva yezhizha (kana zviri nani zvakadaro, mumazuva apo jasi rekuchamhembe rinonyunguduka). Iyo equinox precession cycle inogona kuve yakasimba mumamiriro ekunze anopisa kupfuura munzvimbo dzepanyika, uko axial tilt inoratidzika kuita basa rakakura.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveMilankovich kutenderera uye kuti inokanganisa sei mamiriro ekunze.